Journal of Odontology
Open Access

Importance of Oral Health: Challenges and Future Directions in Dentistry

Wang Mardine^{* *}Correspondence: Wang Mardine, Department of Dentist, Oxford University, Oxford, UK, Email:

Author info »

Description

Dentistry has ancient roots, with evidence of dental practices dating back to ancient Egypt, Greece, and China. Early dental treatments included tooth extraction and the use of wires to stabilize loose teeth. However, the modern practice of dentistry started to develop in the 18^th and 19^th centuries with advancements in dental science and the establishment of professional dental schools.

Uses of dental care

General dentists serve as primary care providers for dental health. They perform routine check-ups, cleanings, and basic procedures such as fillings, crowns, and bridges. General dentists also educate patients on proper oral hygiene practices to prevent dental diseases [1].

Orthodontics: This specialty focuses on the diagnosis, prevention, and correction of malposition teeth and jaws. Orthodontists use devices such as braces, aligners, and retainers to straighten teeth, correct bites, and enhance facial aesthetics [2].

Periodontics: Periodontists specialize in preventing, diagnosing, and treating periodontal disease, commonly known as gum disease. They address conditions affecting the supporting structures of the teeth, including the gums and bone, and perform procedures such as scaling, root planning, and periodontal surgery [3].

Endodontics: Endodontists specialize in treating diseases of the dental pulp and the tissues surrounding the root of a tooth. The most common procedure they perform is root canal therapy, which involves removing infected or damaged pulp tissue and sealing the tooth [4].

Prosthodontics: This specialty involves the design, manufacture, and fitting of artificial replacements for teeth and other parts of the mouth. Prosthodontists provide solutions such as dentures, dental implants, and bridges to restore functionality and aesthetics [5].

Oral and maxillofacial surgery: Oral surgeons perform surgical procedures on the mouth, jaws, and face. They handle complex cases such as impacted teeth, jaw realignment, and facial trauma. They also perform biopsies and remove tumors and cysts [6].

Paediatric dentistry: Paediatric dentists focus on the oral health of children from infancy through adolescence. They address issues such as tooth decay in baby teeth, developmental problems, and educate children on proper oral hygiene practices.

Cosmetic dentistry: This field focuses on enhancing the appearance of teeth, gums, and the overall smile. Procedures include teeth whitening, veneers, bonding, and gum reshaping.

Importance of oral health

Oral health is important to overall health and quality of life. Poor oral health can lead to pain, infection, and tooth loss, impacting nutrition, speech, and self-esteem. Moreover, research has demonstrated links between oral health and systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and respiratory infections [7].

Advancements in dental technology

Modern dentistry has seen significant advancements in technology, enhancing the precision and effectiveness of dental treatments. Digital imaging, 3D printing, laser dentistry, and CAD/CAM technology are revolutionizing dental care. These technologies allow for more accurate diagnostics, minimally invasive procedures, and customized dental prosthetics [8].

Preventive care

Preventive dentistry is the fundamental of dental health, focusing on maintaining healthy teeth and gums to prevent disease. Regular dental check-ups, cleanings, fluoride treatments, and the use of sealants are common preventive measures. Education on proper brushing and flossing techniques, as well as dietary advice, also play important roles [9].

Challenges and future directions

Despite advancements, dentistry faces challenges such as access to care, dental anxiety, and the management of complex dental conditions. Efforts are ongoing to make dental care more accessible and affordable through public health initiatives and advancements in tele-dentistry [10]. The future of dentistry promises further innovations in regenerative dental treatments, bioengineering, and personalized care. Dentistry is a dynamic and essential field dedicated to maintaining and improving oral health. Its diverse specialties address a wide range of conditions and contribute significantly to the overall health and well-being of individuals. With continuous advancements in technology and treatment methodologies, dentistry is poised to offer even more effective and personalized care in the future.

References

1. Kiuchi S, Cooray U, Kusama T, Yamamoto T, Abbas H, Nakazawa N, et al. Oral status and dementia onset: Mediation of nutritional and social factors. J Dent Res. 2022;101(4):420-427. 

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

2. Kim JK, Baker LA, Davarian S, Crimmins E. Oral health problems and mortality. J Dent Sci. 2013;8(2):115-120.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

3.  Gao SS, Chu CH, Young FYF. Oral health and care for elderly people with Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(16):5713.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

4. Gaur S, Agnihotri R. Alzheimer’s disease and chronic periodontitis: Is there an association?. Geriatr Gerontol Int. 2015;15(4):391-404. 

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

5. Wu C-Z, Yuan Y-H, Liu H-H, Li S-S, Zhang B-W, Chen W, et al. Epidemiologic relationship between periodontitis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. BMC Oral Health. 2020;20(1):204.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

6. Maurer K, Rahming S, Prvulovic D. Dental health in advanced age and Alzheimer’s Disease: A possible link with bacterial toxins entering the brain?. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging. 2018;282:132-133.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

7. Chan AKY, Tamrakar M, Jiang CM, Lo ECM, Leung KCM, Chu CH. Common medical and dental problems of older adults: a narrative review. Geriatrics. 2021;6(3):76.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

8. Fukai K, Dartevelle S, Jones J. Oral health for healthy ageing: A people-centred and function-focused approach. Int Dent J. 2022;72(4S):S2-S4.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

9. Ogawa H, McKenna G, Kettratad-Pruksapong M. Prevention of oral functional decline. Int Dent J. 2022;72(4S):S21–S26.

   [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

10.  Manger D, Walshaw M, Fitzgerald R, Doughty J, Wanyonyi KL, White S, et al. Evidence summary: The relationship between oral health and pulmonary disease. Br Dent J. 2017;222(7):527-533.

    [Crossref] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]