Journal of Probiotics & Health
Open Access

Isolation and Purification of Para Probiotics and Postbiotics

Raselabe Markus^{* *}Correspondence: Raselabe Markus, Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, University of Pretoria, Hatfield, South Africa, Email:

Author info »

Description

Lactobacillus is an essential class of probiotics for both humans and animals. The potential in adopting cell components and metabolites obtained from probiotic strains is increasing as a result of the growing awareness regarding safety aspects relevant to live microbial cells. The structural components of probiotic bacteria cells as Para probiotics and their metabolic products as postbiotics. A wide range of molecules, including peptidoglycans, surface proteins, cell wall polysaccharides, secreted proteins, bacteriocins, and organic acids, are noticed in the Para probiotics and postbiotics produced by Lactobacilli [1]. These molecules mediate beneficial effects on the host, such as immunomodulatory, anti-tumor, antimicrobial, and barrier- preservation effects. The Para probiotics and postbiotics made from Lactobacilli, along with their advantageous uses. The advantages and molecular functioning of Para probiotics and probiotics derived from Lactobacilli, which may stimulate their application in both humans and animals [2].

The genus Lactobacillus is the largest genus among Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB), consisting of more than 237 species, with continuous new species discoveries, such as Lactobacillus metriopterae and Lactobacillus timonensis. Probiotic effects may be activated by probiotic cell components or metabolites that interact with the host cells. Probiotic bacteria superior to other probiotic bacteria in terms of metabolites and cell components and additionally, not all probiotic microorganisms are thought to be healthy [3]. Probiotic Lactobacillus species isolated from the intestine of humans and animals. The terms Para probiotics and postbiotics are comparatively unknown, but they have gained popularity quickly across a variety of disciplines, including food science, food microbiology, human health animal health, nutrition and the physiological advantages of Para probiotics and postbiotics generated from Lactobacilli.

Scientific evidence demonstrated that there are different methods to isolate Para probiotics and postbiotics from several Lactobacilli species. Cell disruption procedures such heat treatment, enzymatic treatment, solvent extraction, radiation (ionizing and UV rays), high pressure, and sonication are used to isolate Para probiotics and postbiotics from various probiotic bacteria. Other techniques, such as ohmic heating and supercritical CO₂ , drying, Pulsed Electric Field (PEF), and pH alterations, may also be employed to produce Para probiotics and postbiotics. It's essential to introduce the cells to chemicals during the formation of Para probiotics from probiotics without producing cell structure disruption [4]. In order to extract the intracellular metabolites, it is necessary to dissolve the bacterial membrane by a combination of procedures in order to isolate intracellular postbiotics.

Techniques for extraction and purification, including centrifugation, dialysis, lyophilization, and column purification, have been used to assist in the isolation procedures. Viable cells can be removed from the medium by centrifugation and/or filtration, and any postbiotics were secreted and can be recovered from supernatants and they can typically separate Para probiotics and postbiotics. To isolate the postbiotics fraction, additional techniques like microfiltration are required in some conditions because it is difficult to separate them [5,6]. Depending on the characteristics of the molecules, different techniques for isolating postbiotics and Para probiotics can be used. It is essential to determine the optimum techniques and procedures for probiotic inactivation in order to acquire Para probiotics and postbiotics because the health benefits of Para probiotics and postbiotics are determined. The activator molecules identified in the Para probiotics and postbiotics produced from Lactobacillus species are different.

Conclusion

Probiotic Lactobacillus products and by-products show tremendous therapeutic properties, such as epithelial barrier preservation, anti-tumor activities, immunomodulation, and antagonistic actions against infections. They differ from probiotics in a variety of ways, including distinct chemical structures, and a longer shelf life. As a result, the use of Para probiotics and postbiotics show potential as a probiotic replacement in live probiotic bacteria.

The discovery of potential active constituents derived from the new probiotics may be influenced by the techniques and practice of Para probiotics and postbiotics development from probiotic Lactobacilli. Para probiotics and postbiotics show potential as preventative or therapeutic agents as well as beneficial food or feed additives for human or animal use.

References

1. Rossi F, Amadoro C, Colavita G. Members of the Lactobacillus genus complex (LGC) as opportunistic pathogens: a review. Microorganisms. 2019 May 10;7(5):126.

   [Crossref][Google Scholar][Pubmed].

2. Chiba M, Itabashi T, Hirai K, Sakamoto M, Ohkuma M, Ishige T, et al. Lactobacillus metriopterae sp. nov., a novel lactic acid bacterium isolated from the gut of grasshopper Metrioptera engelhardti. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 2018 May 1;68(5):1484-9.

   [Cross ref][Google Scholar][Pubmed].

3. Afouda P, Fournier PE, Raoult D, Merhej V. ‘Lactobacillus timonensis’ sp. nov., a new bacterial species isolated from the human gut. New Microbes New Infect. 2017 Sep;19:121.

   [Crossref][Google Scholar][Pubmed].

4. Bron PA, Tomita S, Mercenier A, Kleerebezem M. Cell surface-associated compounds of probiotic lactobacilli sustain the strain-specificity dogma. Curr Opin Microbiol. 2013 Jun 1;16(3):262-9.

   [Crossref][Google Scholar][Pubmed].

5. Bron PA, Tomita S, van Swam II, Remus DM, Meijerink M, Wels M, Okada S, et al. Lactobacillus plantarum possesses the capability for wall teichoic acid backbone alditol switching. Microb Cell Fact. 2012 Dec;11(1):1-5.

   [Crossref][Google Scholar][Pubmed].