Journal of Applied Pharmacy
Open Access

Tinospora cordifolia Transdermal Patches Novel Approach

Deepika B^*, Samreen Fatima, Md Naser, Syed Mohammed Nasir, Mohd Shoaib Afrose and P. Ravi Teja ^*Correspondence: Deepika B, Department of Medical Sciences, St. Pauls College of Pharmacy, Hyderabad, India, Tel: 9985585338, Email:

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Introduction

Transdermal delivery provides controlled, constant administration of the drug, and allows the continuous input of drugs with short biological half-lives through skin, which acts as a barrier for entry of drug and eliminates pulsed entry of an active moiety into systemic circulation. Transdermal patches deliver therapeutically effective (very small concentration) amount of drug across the skin when it placed on skin. Once they apply on unbroken skin they deliver active ingredients into systemic circulation passing via skin barriers. It contains high dose of drug inside which is retained on the skin for prolonged period of time, which get enters into blood flow via diffusion process.

The present research relates to a composition suitable for use in a transdermal delivery patch for administration of a biologically active compound T_ce for treatment of arthritis, because T_ce contains required concentrations of sesquiterpenoids, which required for the treatment of the disease. As T_c extract contains sesquiterpenoids, which inhibits the important proinflammatory cytokines, and chemokines along with mediators of bone remodeling, and matrix degradation, and provides antiarthritis activity. The compositions of patch comprising extract of T_c, and release retardants HPMC and Eudragit L-100 [1-8].

Materials and Methods

T_c leaves were collected from medicinal garden of St. Pauls college of pharmacy, Hyderabad. The polymers HPMC, and Eudragit L-100 were of analytical grade purchased from Rasula pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals, Hyderabad. Poly ethylene glycol 400, and propylene glycol, methanol, and acetone were purchased from Hi media chemicals. Eukalyptus oil and glycerin were purchased from J and J dechane laboratories Pvt Ltd. All the excipients used in the study were of analytical and pharmaceutical grade.

Preparation of T_ce

From T_c plants, the leaves were collected dried under shade for about 10 days, and extracted with methanol by using soxhlet apparatus for 48 hrs methanolic extract was evaporated by flash evaporation technique using rotary flash evaporator, and the residue i.e., T_ce was used for further studies for preparation of transdermal patches (Figure 1).

Figure 1: Preparation of T_c extract and prepared Tc transdermal patch

Determination of wavelength of T_ce

1 ml of T_ce was dissolved in 100 ml of pH 4.8 acetate buffer in 100 ml volumetric flask (1000 mcg/ml solution) and it was scanned with UV-spectrophotometer (Electro lab) at 200 nm-400 nm for determination of wavelength of T_ce (Figures 2 and 3).

Figure 2: Determination of wavelength of T_ce.

Figure 3: FTIR spectrum of T_ce.

Compatibility study

Development of transdermal patches

The patches were prepared by solvent evaporation technique. The required quantities of polymers weighed according to the formula. The required amounts of polymers were dissolved in combination of 20 ml of solvents methanol and acetone, Polyethylene glycol 400 (0.5 ml) and permeation enhancer (0.5 ml). Then 10 mg of T_ce was added to the above polymeric solution and solvent mixture and dispersed completely with magnetic stirrer for 10 mins to get a homogenous dispersion. The dispersion was poured into petridish impregnated with glycerin and covered with glass funnel, kept for 24 hrs for drying. Next day, the patches were collected and folded in aluminum foil, kept in desiccators for further evaluation studies. The retardants combinations were changed based on the results obtained for the in vitro studies (Table 1).

Table 1: Design of T_ce transdermal patches.

Evaluation of T_ce transdermal patches

The T_ce was analyzed (scanned) after making solution (1000 mcg/ml) with UV-spectrophotometer, to measure the wavelength at 200 nm-400 nm. The wavelength of T_ce was found at 296 nm. Then the standard graph of T_ce was made in pH 4.8 acetate buffers (Table 2 and Figure 4).

Table 2: Standard graph values.

Figure 4: Standard graph of T_ce

The prepared T_ce patches were evaluated for following tests.

Folding endurance: The patch was folded repeatedly till it broke. The point at which it was stable without breaking was considered as folding endurance. The folding endurance was determined for 4 patches from each formulation.

Thickness: Vernier caliperse was used to determine the thickness of patch. Selected 4 patches randomly from each formulation and determined the thickness.

Uniformity of weight: Selected 4 patches from each formulation and measured the weights by weighing balance (contech).

Moisture content: The patches were weighed and kept in desiccators containing calcium chloride for 24 hrs and measured the weights again to calculate the moisture present in the patches.

Moisture uptake: The patches were weighed and kept in desiccators containing potassium chloride for maintaining humidity for 24 hrs and measured the weights again to calculate the moisture absorbed by the patches [9-13].

In-vitro permeation study: Franz diffusion cell was used and the selected rat abdominal skin of rat was placed between the donor and receptor compartments, receptor compartment was filled with 18 ml of pH 5.4 acetate buffer and a magnetic bead. The apparatus was placed on magnetic stirrer, maintained the temperature of 32â?? ± 0.5â?? for 8 hrs. At different time intervals 1 ml of sample was removed and replaced with fresh acetate buffer. The collected samples were analyzed by spectrophotometer (Electro lab) at 296 nm.

Results and Discussion

The prepared T_ce was subjected for wavelength measurement for further evaluation studies using UV-spectrophotometer (electrolab) and the λ_max of the T_ce was found to be at 296 nm . Tinospora cardifolia transdermal patches were prepared by the method mentioned above.

The prepared patches were evaluated for physico chemical parameters and in vitro drug release behaviour. The determination of the average weight of patch, having 15.21 cm² surface area showed a significant change between the patches prepared with different polymer ratios. The T_ce patches were evaluated for quality control tests and the results are discussed below.

Folding endurance: The results concluded that patches would not break, maintain integrity and adheres to skin after application. All the prepared formulation provided good folding ability without formation of any cracks.

Thickness: with the help of vernier caliperse, the thickness of patches was determined and average of selected 4 patches was taken as the thickness. The thickness of patches was varied from 0.268 mm ± 0.23 mm to 0.314 mm ± 0.18 mm for F1 to F5 formulations.

Uniformity of weight: Selected 4 patches from each formulation and measured the weights by weighing balance (contech) and the average was taken and it was in between 168.24 ± 0.39 to 219 ± 0.28.

Moisture content: The patches moisture content was within the range of 2.96 ± 0.012 to 4.32 ± 0.08 (Table 3).

Table 3: Physico-chemical properties of prepared transdermal patches.

Moisture uptake: The patches moisture absorbed by the patches was within the range of 2.34 ± 0.012 to 4.81 ± 0.08.

In-vitro permeation study: The formulations like F1, F2 and F3 shown incomplete and immediate release in 6 hrs, which contains different concentrations of retardants like HPMC and Eudragit L-100 without combination. The formulations F4 and to F10 showed 90.32% and 99.32% in 6 hrs. The study revealed that, by increasing the polymer concentrations the release rate was retarded. All the results were reported in table 4 [14-17].

Table 4: Results of In-vitro drug permeation study.

Conclusion

The Tinospora cardifolia transdermal patches were suitable drug candidates for treatment of allergy and arthritis and it delivers the medicament for 6 hrs and also drug release can be retarded by further increasing polymer concentrations. It can be considered as best option for allergy and arthritis. The composition, or matrix layer, may form part of a transdermal delivery matrix patch. It has been surprisingly found that a transdermal delivery patch comprising this composition, or matrix layer, can effectively delivers biologically active compounds. Their efficacy in clinical levels must be studied in future.

Acknowledgement

We are very thankful to the management for supporting in completion of research work and special thanks to Dr. Kiranmai mandava for guiding us in successful completion of work.

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