Andrology-Open Access
Open Access

Male Circumcision due to Phimosis Treatment with Durvalumab

Evelyn Lee^{* *}Correspondence: Evelyn Lee, Department of Andrology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA, Email:

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Description

Phimosis, a constriction of the preputial hole that prevents the foreskin from retracting completely and painlessly onto the glans. In youngsters, it is physiological, but it should go away during puberty. Some men get Persistent Congenital Phimosis (PCP) as they grow older, which may affect their sexual function. There is a ton of information in the literature on circumcision, but phimosis is rarely discussed. The most efficient technique of treating phimosis is male circumcision; there is inadequate evidence on the impact of phimosis, which results in male circumcision, on patients' subjective symptoms including itchiness, burning, penile discomfort, pain during sexual activity, and sexual life quality.

The argument over the pathogenesis of chronic congenital phimosis is still going on, and lichen sclerosus is indeed a relatively significant part in that discussion. The aetiology of fibrotic re-modelling of the prepuce, examined the molecular variations of congenital phimosis in men both with and without lichen sclerosus in comparison to age-matched men with completely retractable foreskins.

The surgical process of circumcision has been used since ancient times. Many people consider circumcision to be a type of defence against viruses that might result in a variety of deformities. A white mass called a smegma results from the desquamation of preputial epithelial cells. Infections of the genitalia, the urinary system, and even cancer may result from smegma and microbes in the prepuce. The inflammatory condition of patients who have been circumcised relates to phimosis, smegma, and preputial bacteria was examined.

Males who are either entirely or partially uncircumcised develop paraphimosis. Foreskin becomes immovably trapped behind your penis' corona and is unable to be pushed back toward the head. It could occur in phimosis stretching exercises and draw foreskin back but are unable to put it back. It is necessary to get treatment to prevent gangrene from spreading towards the tip of the penis.

It's typical for an uncircumcised youngster to have tight foreskin. With regular, gentle retraction, it frequently disappears over time. Phimosis might resemble a rubber ring of skin wrapping around the penile tip. A paediatric urologist should conduct an examination if issues such as bleeding, infection all around foreskin, or uncomfortable urination arise. A steroid cream or foreskin excision may be used as treatment.

The hydrophilic acrylic Intra Ocular Lenses (IOLs) are postoperative complications such as capsulorhexis phimosis, decentration, tilt, hyperopic shift, and luxation that required the removal of the IOL-capsular bag complex. Regardless of the presence of a capsular stress ring, the severe capsule fibrosis in both cases caused the IOL haptics to anteriorly flex. A thick fibro cellular tissue, matching to the anterior capsule opacification and folds, was found to be linked to the inner surface of the anterior capsules.

Conclusion

A 69-year-old man who had immunotherapy with durvalumab for aggressive non-small-cell lung cancer and developed phimosis. After receiving the durvalumab induction dosage, the patient will develop vitiligo-like dermatosis, and after receiving immunotherapy, the patient's foreskin acquired a fibrous ring. Durvalumab usage has been associated with immune-mediated adverse effects, however to our knowledge, no cases of phimosis and vitiligo-like reactions have been documented.