Journal of Bone Research
Open Access

Management of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia (TIO): A Comprehensive Guide

Kenji Yokoyama^{* *}Correspondence: Kenji Yokoyama, Department of Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan, Email:

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Description

Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia (TIO), also known as oncogenic osteomalacia, is a rare disorder that results in a reduction in bone density and muscle weakness due to increased excretion of phosphate in the urine. TIO is caused by a small tumor or growth in the body that produces excess Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF23), a hormone that regulates phosphate levels in the body.

Diagnosis of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia (TIO)

Diagnosis of TIO can be challenging, as it is a rare disorder with nonspecific symptoms. However, a combination of laboratory tests and imaging studies can help identify the underlying cause of osteomalacia. A high level of FGF23 in the blood is a strong indicator of TIO, but additional testing is necessary to locate the tumor responsible for producing the excess FGF23. Imaging studies, such as CT scans or MRIs, can identify the presence of a tumor.

Surgical treatment of tumor-induced osteomalacia

Surgical removal of the tumor is the most effective treatment for TIO. Once the tumor is identified through imaging studies, surgical removal can lead to a significant improvement in symptoms within a few weeks. In some cases, the tumor can be challenging to locate, and a multidisciplinary team may be required to identify and remove the tumor. In these cases, imaging studies such as OctreoScan, a nuclear medicine imaging test, can help locate the tumor.

Medical treatment of tumor-induced osteomalacia

In some cases, surgical treatment may not be feasible or may not lead to significant improvement in symptoms. In these situations, medical treatment may be considered. Medical treatment options for TIO include phosphate supplements and vitamin D therapy. These treatments can help increase the absorption of phosphate from the intestine and increase bone mineralization. However, medical therapy is often less effective than surgical treatment, and the benefits may be short-lived.

Monitoring and follow-up for tumor-induced

osteomalacia

After treatment for TIO, regular monitoring and follow-up are necessary to ensure that symptoms do not recur. Blood tests to measure FGF23 levels should be done regularly to monitor for recurrence of the tumor. In addition, regular imaging studies may be necessary to monitor for the growth of any remaining tumor cells.

Prevention of tumor-induced osteomalacia

Tumor-induced osteomalacia is a rare disorder, and there is no known way to prevent it. However, early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the progression of symptoms and improve outcomes.

Living with TIO can be challenging, as the disorder can cause significant pain and disability. Physical therapy and exercise can help improve muscle strength and function, while pain management strategies, such as medication or nerve blocks, can help alleviate pain. It is also essential to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle to promote bone health and overall well-being.

Tumor-induced osteomalacia is a rare disorder that can cause significant pain and disability. Surgical removal of the tumor is the most effective treatment for TIO, while medical therapy may be considered in some cases. Regular monitoring and follow-up are necessary to ensure that symptoms do not recur. While there is no known way to prevent TIO, early diagnosis and treatment can help improve outcomes. Living with TIO can be challenging, but with proper management, it is possible to maintain a healthy and fulfilling life. If anyone experiencing symptoms of osteomalacia, it is better to consult with healthcare provider to determine the best course of treatment.