Journal of Physical Chemistry & Biophysics
Open Access

Mass Spectrometry Principle and its Applications

Raviz Rina^{* *}Correspondence: Raviz Rina, Department of Physics, University of Babylon, Hilla, Iraq, Email:

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Description

Mass Spectrometry (MS) is an analytical procedure that is> utilized to measure the mass-to-charge proportion of ions. The> results are introduced as a mass range, a plot of intensity as an> element of the mass-to-charge proportion. Mass spectrometry is> utilized in various fields and is applied to pure samples as well as> complex ones.

Mass Spectroscopy is a micro analytical technique requiring only> nanomoles of the sample to obtain characteristic information> pertaining to the structure and molecular weight of the analyte.

A mass spectrum is a kind of plot of the ion signal as an element> of the mass-to-charge proportion. These spectra are utilized to> determine the basic or isotopic mark of a sample, the masses of> particles and of atoms, and to explain the chemical identity or> structure of molecules and other chemical compounds.

Basic principle

Mass Spectroscopy is the most dependable strategy for deciding> molecular mass of the compound and its essential arrangement.> The atoms are ionized and separated into many sections, some> of which are positive particles.

Every sort of particle has a specific proportion of mass to charge,> i.e. m/e ratio. For most particles the charge is one and> subsequently m/e proportion is basically the atomic mass of the> particle. Mass Spectroscopy manages the assessment of> characteristics fragments emerging from the breakdown of> organic molecules.

In an ordinary MS system, a sample, which might be solid,> liquid, or vaporous, is ionized, for instance by bombarding it> with a light emission. This might make a portion of the sample's> atoms separate into positively charged sections or basically> become positively charged without dividing. These particles> (sections) are then isolated by their mass-to-charge proportion,> for instance by speeding up them and exposing them to an> electric or magnetic field: Particles of a similar mass-to-charge> proportion will go through a similar measure of deflection. The particles are recognized by a component fit for identifying> charged particles, like an electron multiplier. Results are shown> as spectra of the signal power of recognized particles as a> component of the mass-to-charge proportion. The molecules or> atoms in the sample can be distinguished by corresponding> known masses (for example a whole particle) to the distinguished> masses or through a characteristic fragmentation design.

Mass analyzers

A mass analyzer is the part of the mass spectrometer that takes> ionized masses and isolates them in view of charge to mass> proportions and results them to the identifier where they are> distinguished and later changed over to a digital output.

There are six general types of mass analyzers that can be used for> the separation of ions in a mass spectrometry.

1. Quadrupole Mass Analyzer

2. Time of Flight Mass Analyzer

3. Magnetic Sector Mass Analyzer

4. Electrostatic Sector Mass Analyzer

5. Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Analyzers

6. Ion Cyclotron Resonance

Applications of mass spectrometry

• Mass spectrometry has both qualitative and quantitative> applications.

• Mass spectrometry has clinical, toxicological and forensic> applications.

• Used in drug discovery, Combinational chemistry, drug> metabolism.

• It is used for the identification of compounds.

• Mass Spectrometry is coupled with other techniques such as> HPLC and GC.

• It is used for the detection of impurities.

• Used in the examination of proteins and peptides.

• It is also used for the detection of food contamination, quality> of water and protein identification.