Internal Medicine: Open Access
Open Access

Maternity and Non-HIV Vaginal Intercourse Inflammatory Conditions

Nabongo Kimathi Agar^{* *}Correspondence: Nabongo Kimathi Agar, Department of Pharmacy, Murang'a University of Technology, Murang'a, Kenya, Email:

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About the Study

Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) symptoms during pregnancy might be mistaken for normal vulvovaginal changes, and they may even be asymptomatic. Many local National Health Service (NHS) places of care offer screening and some STIs are checked for as part of standard prenatal care. Women with symptoms of vaginitis, dysuria, and abdominal pain should have STIs examined in the differential diagnosis, and pregnant women should not be excluded from screening.

Since STI treatment regimens differ from those practiced in the young adults, physicians often find it difficult. To guarantee better results for the newborn and the mother, care for women with STIs should include a multidisciplinary management strategy in addition to genitourinary doctors and paediatricians. During description of clinical conditions, the process of testing, controlling, and treating STIs and vulvo-vaginal infections in the pregnant women should be taken into consideration. Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a widespread disease, with the World Health Organization (WHO) estimating that more than one million STIs are contracted every day. More than 30 different types of germs, viruses, and parasites can be spread through intercourse. STIs are responsible for harmful effects on pregnant women's health, and there is a risk of transmission to the newborn. There are single dose curative treatment plans for trichomonas’s, gonorrhoea, chlamydia, and syphilis.

2018 had a 5% increase in annual STI diagnoses in England, with 447,694 new cases. Notably, gonorrhoea cases increased the most (by 26%) from the prior year. Additionally, chlamydia, syphilis, and genital herpes cases all increased. The top demographic groups most at risk are those under the age of 25,people of African ancestry, and residents of low socioeconomic areas. These infections frequently have no symptoms, which makes diagnosis and treatment difficult. During the first trimester antenatal booking appointment, routine screening for syphilis, hepatitis B, and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is advised. If the woman develops the symptoms beforehand or if it is found that her lifestyle and demographics put her at higher risk, all other STIs must be screened and diagnosed.

Pregnancy-specific STI management frequently necessitates modification of recommended treatment regimens for the general population. For some infections, a Test of Cure (TOC) is indicated to reduce the possibility of a persistent infection that doesn't show any symptoms but still has to be treated. Relapse may occur, if partners are not cured and abstinence is not followed while receiving treatment. Preterm labour, preterm membrane rupture, and low birth weight can all result from STI infection that worsens throughout pregnancy.

The pregnant patient's higher oestrogen levels caused vascular alterations on the mucosal surface. Focal hyperplasia of the epidermal blood vessels and an increase in arteriovenous malformations and varicosities are the results of the physiological alterations. Cellular responses are impacted by maternal hormonal changes during pregnancy, which may make women more susceptible to infection. In order to ensure knowledge, a patient's risk of obtaining a new STI during pregnancy should be clearly disclosed to them.

STIs associated with pregnancy have significant diagnostic accuracy and are treatable. However, acquiring an infection while pregnant poses both the mother and the baby at serious risk during the intrapartum and postpartum periods.