Reproductive System & Sexual Disorders: Current Research
Open Access

Medical Requirements and Maternal Choice in Cesarean Sections

Sassie Jrkonnen^{* *}Correspondence: Sassie Jrkonnen, Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University College of Health Science, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia, Email:

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Description

Cesarean section is a surgical procedure that involves the delivery of a baby through an incision made in the mother's abdomen and uterus.

The rate of cesarean sections has been steadily increasing in many parts of the world, sparking debates and discussions about the reasons behind this rise and its implications for maternal and neonatal health.

While cesarean sections are sometimes essential and even lifesaving, the growing number of elective or medically unnecessary C-sections has raised concerns about over medicalization, patient autonomy, and long-term health outcomes.

Cesarean section

Cesarean sections were often performed as a option to save the lives of both mother and child when vaginal delivery was impossible or too risky. In modern medicine, C-sections are categorized into two main types:

Scheduled or elective cesarean section: This type is planned in advance and is usually performed for non-medical reasons, such as maternal request or previous C-sections.

Emergency cesarean section: These are performed when unexpected complications arise during labor, such as fetal distress, placental problems, or stalled labor.

Medical necessity and patient choice

Cesarean section rates can be attributed to various factors and distinguishing between medically necessary procedures and elective C-sections is crucial.

Maternal health: C-sections may be necessary to protect the mother's health, particularly in cases of severe preeclampsia, placental abruption or certain infections.

Fetal health: When a fetus is in distress as indicated by abnormal heart rate patterns or other complications.

Breech presentation: In cases where the baby is in a breech position, a C-section may be the safest option.

Patient independence is a basic of modern healthcare and women have the right to make informed choices about their birthing experience. To protect the health of both mother and child, the correct balance of patient choice and medical need must be achieved.

Benefits

Life-saving: In cases of true medical necessity, C-sections can save lives, preventing complications that might arise during vaginal delivery.

Life-saving: In cases of true medical necessity, C-sections can save lives, preventing complications that might arise during vaginal delivery.

Reduced risk of birth injuries: C-sections can reduce the risk of birth injuries, such as shoulder dystocia, particularly in large babies.

Risks

Surgical complications: Like any surgery, C-sections carry the risk of infection, bleeding and complications related to anesthesia.

Like any surgery, C-sections carry the risk of infection, bleeding and complications related to anesthesia.

Longer recovery: Recovery after a C-section is generally longer and more uncomfortable than after a vaginal birth.

Future pregnancies: Multiple C-sections can increase the risk of complications in future pregnancies, including placenta previa and uterine rupture.

Neonatal respiratory issues: Babies born via C-section may face an increased risk of transient tachypnea (rapid breathing) and other respiratory problems.

Factors driving the cesarean epidemic

Technological advancements: The availability of advanced medical technologies has made it easier to monitor pregnancies and detect potential complications. While this is generally beneficial it can also lead to over diagnosis and over treatment.

Convenience: Elective C-sections offer a predictable birthing schedule, which can be appealing to both parents and healthcare providers.

Lack of education: Women may not always be fully informed about the potential risks and benefits of C-sections or alternatives, making it difficult for them to make informed choices.

Conclusion

The increasing rate of cesarean sections worldwide is a complex issue with significant implications for maternal and neonatal health. While C-sections are sometimes medically necessary and life-saving. Empowering women with information, involving them in shared decision-making, and promoting evidence-based maternity care are key steps. Achieving a balance between medical necessity and patient choice is essential to ensure that every childbirth is as safe and empowering as possible, prioritizing the well-being of both mother and child.