Rheumatology: Current Research
Open Access

Methods of Relieving Back Pain with Discectomy

Tianyi Wang^{* *}Correspondence: Tianyi Wang, Department of Orthopedics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, Email:

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About the Study

Discectomy is a surgical procedure used to treat back pain caused by a herniated disc. A herniated disc occurs when the soft, gellike center of a spinal disc pushes through a tear in the outer layer of the disc, causing pressure on the spinal nerves. Discectomy involves removing the herniated portion of the disc, which can relieve pain and improve mobility.

Discectomy can be performed through a variety of techniques, including open discectomy, microdiscectomy, and endoscopic discectomy. The choice of technique will depend on the location and severity of the herniation, as well as the surgeon's preference and experience.

Reasons for discectomy

Discectomy is typically recommended for patients who have not responded to conservative treatments, such as physical therapy, pain medication, and rest. The procedure may be recommended for the following conditions:

Herniated disc: This is the most common reason for discectomy. A herniated disc can cause severe pain, numbness, and weakness in the legs or arms.

Spinal stenosis: This is a narrowing of the spinal canal that can cause pressure on the spinal nerves, leading to pain, numbness, and weakness.

Degenerative disc disease: This is a condition in which the spinal discs lose their cushioning ability, leading to pain and stiffness.

Sciatica: This is a condition in which the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back to the legs, becomes compressed or irritated, causing pain and numbness.

Types of discectomy

There are several types of discectomy, including:

Open discectomy: This is the traditional form of discectomy, in which a large incision is made in the back to access the herniated disc. The surgeon then removes the herniated portion of the disc.

Microdiscectomy: This is a minimally invasive form of discectomy, in which a small incision is made in the back and a microscope is used to view the herniated disc. The surgeon then removes the herniated portion of the disc.

Endoscopic discectomy: This is the most minimally invasive form of discectomy, in which a small tube with a camera is inserted through a small incision in the back. The surgeon then uses small instruments to remove the herniated portion of the disc.

Preparing for discectomy

Before undergoing discectomy, patients will typically undergo a series of tests to determine the location and severity of the herniation. These tests may include an MRI, CT scan, or X-ray.

Patients will also be advised to stop taking certain medications, such as blood thinners, before the procedure. They may be asked to fast for a certain period of time before the procedure.

In addition, patients will need to arrange for transportation home after the procedure, as they may not be able to drive themselves.

Procedure for discectomy

• The procedure for discectomy will depend on the technique used. In general, however, the procedure will involve the following steps:

• The patient will be placed under general anesthesia or spinal anesthesia.

• The surgeon will make an incision in the back, or in some cases, the neck.

• The surgeon will then use specialized tools to remove the herniated portion of the disc.

• Once the herniated portion of the disc is removed, the surgeon will check to ensure that no other disc material that is compressnig the nerve root.

• The incision will then be closed with sutures or surgical staples.

Recovery after discectomy

Patients will typically be monitored in the hospital for a few hours after the procedure, and may be able to go home the same day. However, some patients may need to stay overnight for observation. Patients will be advised to rest for a few days after the procedure, and may need to wear a brace or support to help with healing. Patients will also be advised to avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activity for several weeks after the procedure. Physical therapy may be recommended to help with recovery and rehabilitation. Patients will also be advised to maintain a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise, to help prevent future disc herniations.

Risks and complications

As with any surgical procedure, there are risks and complications associated with discectomy. These may include:

• Infection at the surgical site

• Bleeding

• Nerve damage

• Dural tear (a tear in the protective covering of the spinal cord)

• Recurrent disc herniation