Cell & Developmental Biology
Open Access

Morphological Dependence of Lysosomes their Functions

Khaled Gao^{* *}Correspondence: Khaled Gao, Department of Physiology, Bioterra University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania, Email:

Author info »

Description

Lysosomes are formed by the fusion of transport vesicles budded from the Trans Golgi network with endosomes, which contain molecules taken up by endocytosis at the plasma membrane. Lysosomes have a diameter of 0.2 to 0.3 μm. As a result, the lysosome only contains enzymes and proteins that support its function instead of DNA. Therefore, lysosomes are absent in DNA. Lysosomes also decompose or harm their own cells using their own enzymes, which results in cell death. The term "Autolysis" refers to this process. These are sometimes known as "Suicide bags." Polysaccharides, proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and lipids can also be subdivided by the variety of enzymes present in lysosomes, membrane-enclosed organelles. The basic composition of a lysosome is an array of enzymes encircled by a single-layer membrane. Hydrolytic enzymes are contained in sphere-shaped cells called lysosomes; They have a capability to break down many types of biomolecules.” In other words, lysosomes are membranous organelles whose specific function is to breakdown cellular wastes and debris by engulfing it with hydrolytic enzymes. The endoplasmic reticulum produces the hydrolytic enzymes found in lysosomes because they developed by the golgi body. Before being absorbed into the lysosomes, the catalysts are marked with mannose-6-phosphate and transported in vesicles to the Golgi body. The smallest organelle-like vesicle, lysosomes are encircled by a single membrane. They are spheres with a basic shape made of lipid bilayers that contain fluid and a number of hydrolytic enzymes that helps in the degradation of foreign substances, dead cells, etc. Basically, the Golgi apparatus takes protein enzymes from the ER, packaged in a vesicle, processes them, and then pinches them out as a Lysosome. Lysosomes, Endoplasmic Reticulum, its produce like organelles.

• Endoplasmic Reticulum and Golgi body.

• In the formation of lysosomes, the endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi body are involved.

• A lysosome is mainly important for the digestion of macromolecules, microorganisms, and old cell parts.

There are four types of lysosomes depending on their morphology and function:

• Primary Lysosomes: They have newly pinched-off vesicles from the Golgi apparatus.

• Secondary Lysosomes

• Remainder Bodies (Residual or Tertiary Lysosomes)

• Autophagic Vacuoles (Autophagosome, Autolysosomes)

Spherosomes (or oleosomes) are individual membrane-bound cellular organelles found only in plant cells. Lysosomes are found in almost all animal and plant cells. In plant cells, vacuoles can be responsible for lysosomal function. Lysosomes initially appear as spheres, approximately 50–70 nm in diameter, surrounded by a single membrane. Lysosomes are found in all animal cells, but are most abundant in disease-fighting cells such as white blood cells. This is because white blood cells have to digest more material than most other cell types in order to fight bacteria, viruses, and other foreign invaders. Centrosomes and lysosomes are found in animal cells but do not exist within plant cells. Lysosomes are the “garbage disposal” of animal cells, whereas in plant cells the same function is performed in vacuoles. Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed cellular organelles that contain digestive enzymes. Lysosomes are involved in various cellular processes. Breaks down excess or worn out cell parts. They can be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria.