Journal of Nanomedicine & Biotherapeutic Discovery
Open Access

Nanotechnology and Medication Delivery Based On Natural Products

Fuzhang Chen^{* *}Correspondence: Fuzhang Chen, Department of Nanotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China, Email:

Author info »

Description

Around 80% of the population in underdeveloped nations has their basic medical requirements taken care of and supplemented by traditional medicine. The scientific community is currently concentrating on research on bioactive substances, their chemical makeup, and the pharmacological potential of diverse plant species in order to develop novel active components that have comparatively less adverse effects than current ones. Plants have long been recognized as significant sources of natural chemicals with therapeutic value, and they continue to offer a wealth of resources for the development of novel, highly effective medications. The discovery of active substances from natural sources is linked to a number of problems. In this way, the pharmaceutical industry have decided to pool their resources to synthesis synthetic molecules. However, the number of synthetic molecules that are really marketed is continuing to decline, As a result, despite its challenges, research on active compounds based on natural products is once again gaining attention. The majority of naturally occurring substances having commercially available therapeutic potential and economic significance were found in higher plants. There are currently a number of pharmaceutical products on the market that contain natural medicinal ingredients.

Numerous natural chemicals makeup and functions have previously been investigated and recognized. The bioactive molecules present in plants include, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenes, saponins, steroids, and phenolic compounds. Due to their large molecular sizes, these substances often have limited absorption capacities, which reduces their bioavailability and effectiveness. These compounds also have high systemic clearance, which calls for frequent administration and high dosages and reduces the therapeutic efficacy of the medicine. The scientific advancement of nanotechnology has the potential to revolutionize the creation of natural product-based formulations by offering instruments that can address issues. The extensive use of these substances in nanomedicine. These are capable of removing these obstacles and enabling the use of various components and mixes in the production of the same formulation. In the biological system, they can also alter a compounds characteristics and behavior. Release systems also drive a chemical to a specific site, boost bioavailability, lengthen the duration of a substances activity, and mix molecules with different degrees of hydrophilicity. These benefits to a compounds solubility and stability are benefits that release systems also provide. There is evidence that the association of release systems with natural compounds may help to delay the development of drug resistance and plays a crucial role in the search for new treatment options for a number of illnesses that have a low response to conventional approaches to modern medicine.

The natural product-based components fall into two categories and are released at specified locations to cure a variety of ailments that are mostly used in the synthesis process. The necessity for the creation of an alternative treatment to target the malignant cells is of the highest importance to contemporary researchers since the sickness of cancer affects many organs of the body. The classification of the delivery systems is based on their surface charge, particle size, size dispersion, shape, stability, encapsulation potential, and biological activity, which are then used in accordance with their needs.

These natural product-based materials are valued as the primary components in the creation and processing of novel Nano- formulations due to their appealing properties, which include biodegradability, biocompatibility, availability, and low toxicity.

For the advancement and design of contemporary pharmaceuticals as well as the improvement of current ones, the pharmaceutical industries have consistently sought the production and implementation of new technologies. Through a variety of methods, including delivering the drug to the site of action (Nano pharmaceutics), imaging and diagnosing (Nano diagnostics), producing medical implants (Nano biomaterials), and combining disease diagnosis and treatment (Nano theranostics), the development of new formulations has been accelerated by nanotechnology.

Many of the currently being developed nanomedicines are altered release mechanisms for Active Ingredients (AI) that are already being used to treat patients. These AIs' (Active Ingredients) prolonged release alters the bio distribution and pharmacokinetic characteristics. If the AI (Active Ingredients) is directed into the target tissue, the Nano-formulation has benefits over the current formulation due to higher cell uptake and absorption and a reduced toxicity profile for the organism. Berberine, curcumin, ellagic acid, resveratrol, curcumin, and quercetin are the main topics. Doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and vancomycin are among additional substances that are derived from natural sources.

Natural substances have been used to produce nanoparticles. As an illustration, it has been claimed that a variety of microorganisms, including bacteria, fungus, algae, yeast, and plant extracts, may be used to produce metallic, metal oxide, and sulphides nanoparticles.