Journal of Cell Science & Therapy
Open Access

Natural Killer cells: Advancements in Health and Disease

Trang Re^{* *}Correspondence: Trang Re, Department of Pharmacology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan, Email:

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Description

Natural Killer cells had the ability to kill tumor cells without prior exposure. This distinct behavior gave them the term "Natural Killers". Natural Killer (NK) cells don't require activation by antigens or antibodies. They serve as attentive observers always ready to attack and eliminate threats to the body.

Role of Natural Killer (NK) cells in immunity

Cancer surveillance: One of the most main role of Natural Killer (NK) cells is in identifying and eliminating cancerous cells. They recognize the abnormal proteins expressed on the surface of cancer cells and deliver a lethal blow, preventing tumor growth and metastasis.

Viral defense: Natural Killer (NK) cells are the body's first line of defense against viral infections. When a virus-infected cell is identified, Natural Killer (NK) cells release cytotoxic molecules to destroy the infected cell and delay the spread of the virus.

Immune regulation: Natural Killer (NK) cells help regulate the immune response by secreting cytokines, signaling molecules that modulate the activities of other immune cells. This is important for maintaining a balanced immune response and preventing autoimmune diseases.

Transplantation: Natural Killer (NK) cells has a role in organ transplantation. They can recognize and attack foreign cells, which can either aid in the acceptance of a transplant or lead to its rejection, depending on the circumstances.

NK cells in health and disease

Cancer immunotherapy: The discovery of Natural Killer (NK) cells ability to target cancer cells has spurred interest in developing therapies utilizing their power.

Infectious diseases: Natural Killer (NK) cell responses to infectious agents like Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), hepatitis, and COVID-19 is main for developing effective treatments and vaccines.

Autoimmune diseases: Imbalances in Natural Killer (NK) cell activity have been linked to autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis.

Pregnancy and reproduction: Natural Killer (NK) cells has a role in maintaining a healthy pregnancy by ensuring proper implantation of the embryo and preventing immune rejection of the foetus.

Advancements in Natural Killer (NK) cell research

NK cell expansion: Scientists are working on techniques to expand and manipulate Natural Killer (NK) cells in the laboratory and improving larger-scale therapeutic applications.

NK cell immunomodulators: Researchers are exploring compounds that can improve Natural Killer (NK) cell activity, potentially offering new treatments for cancer and viral infections.

NK cell therapy in pregnancy: Natural Killer (NK) cells in pregnancy has led to investigations into therapies that could prevent complications like miscarriage and preeclampsia.

Challenges in NK cell research

Standardization: Developing standardized protocols for NK cell therapies and ensuring their safety and efficacy in different patient populations is a complex task.

Personalization: Customizing Natural Killer (NK) cell therapies to individual patients based on their unique immune profiles is an ongoing challenge.

Long-term effects: The long-term effects of Natural Killer (NK) cell therapies, especially in cancer treatment, require further investigation.

Conclusion

Natural Killer cells are emerging as potent warriors in the battle for human health. Their remarkable abilities to target cancer cells, combat infections and modulate immune responses.