Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
Open Access

Neurobehavioral Biomarkers in Clinical Settings

Richard Wolf^{* *}Correspondence: Richard Wolf, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya, Email:

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Description

The aim is to find out if there are any more potent and selective biomarkers that can help with neurotoxicity diagnosis and assessment. These indicators would be much more beneficial if they could be used in animal models and transformed from nonclinical to clinical data. Fluid-based biomarkers, such as those found in serum, plasma, urine, and Cerebro Spinal Fluid (CSF) are also easier to collect than tissue-based biomarkers. The Committee on Biomarkers of Neurotoxicology (NeuTox) has convened several times to define the extent of the problem and provide an experimental approach to solve it. Several experimental models were investigated, on Tri-Methyl Tin (TMT) in rats for a variety of reasons, including the fact that rats are a selective hamster species in preclinical testing and the ratinduced injury by TMT in the hippocampus is well known. MPTP is a pro-drug to the neurotoxic MPP+, which produces permanent symptoms of Parkinson's disease in rats by killing dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. MPTP, on the other hand, is ineffective in mice and has small application in drug research and development models. The main goal of the project is to link the expression of relevant fluid biomarkers to imaging and functional metrics, as well as traditional histo pathological goals.

TMT was administered to mice in a single dose and examined at 2 to 14 days. Brain, liver, thymus, adrenal, kidney, spinal cord, and hip nerves, as well as back tissue of the thigh, were all collected, as were biological fluids (CSF, plasma, serum, and urine). Micro RNAs, F2-isoprostens, Tran’s cellulose protein, Glial Fibrillation Acidic Protein (GFAP), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1, myelin basic protein, and microtubule-associative protein-2 are examples of micronutrients. Several neuroimaging techniques, such as Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and positron emission tomography, were also used. According to the findings, there are strong connections between GFAP, certain miRNAs, specific metabolites including biogenic amines and phospholipids, and T2 relaxation in the hippocampus as evaluated by MRI. Overall, the findings suggest that in this TMT-induced neurological damage paradigm, we have discovered mechanisms to identify neurotoxic damage in fluids (CSF, plasma, and serum).

Additional study, including bioinformatics, is being conducted to look at other potential biomarkers discovered in other brain injury studies. Nonclinical toxicologists can learn from these studies of brain injury and disease patterns to enhance the tools they have at their disposal, as well as improved techniques to predict possible neurotoxicity and properly monitor patients during clinical development.

Traumatic brain injury-clinical applications of CNS bio markers (TBI)

GFAP has been proposed as a Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) marker, and in recent exciting developments, the FDA has approved GFAP as a TBI test that can be used to track biochemical changes in patients and assess therapy response. UCH-L1 was previously mentioned as a possible marker for assessing serum diagnostically for moderate TBI. When a CT scan is required to detect concussion, these signs should be employed as an acute diagnosis within 12 hours. It will be fascinating to observe if the UCH-L1 TMT model is expressed in conjunction with the biomarkers that have already been discovered (miRNAs, biogenic amines and phospholipids).

Despite the fact that the aforementioned fluid biomarkers were discovered and validated in a toxicant model, they have the potential to be beneficial in the clinical development of new therapeutics for neurodegenerative and other neurological disorders such as Parkinson's and multiple sclerosis (MS). The duration of the experimental novel medication therapies will be limited to one month by the toxicology cover, since long-term (Three months) toxicology studies will not be done until later in the drug development procedure required to support chronic exposure. Furthermore, due to the failure of conventional treatments, individuals may have severe and complex medical conditions. Therefore in case, any biomarker that can provide possible indication of therapy benefit would be extremely beneficial for disease.

Conclusion

Neurotoxicity biomarkers allow for continuous monitoring of sickness states and therapy efficacy, resulting in improved disease management. Detecting neurotoxicity improves a multitude of outcomes in drug research and development, including diagnosis efficacy and accuracy, as well as our capacity to intervene with remedial therapy. Early detection of neurotoxicity allows for early management, which improves outcomes. Highlevel brain function endpoints like as suicidal thoughts and depression, on the other hand, will remain difficult to assess in the future. As a result, much of the present research focuses on detecting structural change utilizing imaging and fluid indicators. Toxic sample analyses revealed a panel of indicators capable of learning from TBI and MS specimens. These toxicity indicators may allow for early detection of efficacy in clinical trials of potential treatments for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and other neurodegenerative illnesses.