Entomology, Ornithology & Herpetology: Current Research
Open Access

Note on Causes and Prevention of Bird Diseases

Yuuka Murakami^{* *}Correspondence: Yuuka Murakami, Department of Biology, Utkal University, Odisha, India, Email:

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Description

The four diseases that most commonly affect birds are avian pox, aspergillosis, salmonella, trichomoniasis, and dengue. All of these diseases are spread from one bird to another at feeding stations. It has been recommended that there are over 62 other diseases that affect birds, and the viruses are carried and spread by their droppings. When birds are diseased, veterinarians call the disease avian chlamydiosis. The diseases that are spread by birds to humans are rare and easily curable.

Benefits

Avian pox is a minor to severe disease of birds mainly caused by a virus known as the avipoxvirus, and the avipoxvirus contains three common strains: Fowl pox virus, pigeon pox virus, and canary pox virus. The strains vary from bird to bird due to their virulence and their ability to infect other avian species. The avian pox virus is extremely resistant and can survive even in dry conditions. 5% weak bleach solution is used to kill the Avipoxvirus. This disease generally lasts for 3-7 weeks. In this time, birds may lose weight and egg production may be slow down. During the initial stage of the disease, these warts appear as small, yellow bumps. As the size of the wart increases, it turns into dark brown color. The best method to prevent this disease is by vaccination.

Aspergillosis is a fungal disease that usually causes respiratory disease in pet birds. It can cause respiratory problems in both the upper (nose, sinuses, eye, and trachea) and lower (lungs and air sacs-a specialised part of the respiratory tract found in birds) respiratory tracts. The birds that are affected by this infection are seen with accelerated respiratory rates, dyspnea (difficulty breathing), and silent gasping. It generally lasts 3-4 months. It does not have any specific treatment and affects the cavities of the lung. It can be prevented by maintaining good hygienic conditions, frequent cage cleaning, fresh nutritious food, and good ventilation. Salmonellosis is a common and frequently fatal bird disease caused by the bacteria salmonella. It is transmitted from one bird to another through droppings and saliva when birds assemble together in large numbers, such as at bird feeders.

Salmonella

Salmonella bongori and Salmonella enterica, there are no distinct signs that are related to salmonella infection. The symptoms could relate to several different diseases. We can prevent this disease by keeping the nest boxes clean and fresh. In order to avoid the spread of bacteria, wash the feeding bowls with water and a 10% concentrate of bleach. Trichomoniasis is also known as Canker commonly observed in pigeons and doves. It mainly affects the throat. The birds effected by Trichomoniasis drop saliva uncontrollably from the mouth, and have difficulty in swallowing.

Conclusion

This disease can be treated with different 5-nitro-imidazoles such as metronidazole, ronidazole and, dimetridazole. The drugs used to cure bird diseases are doxycycline, amikacin, calcium gluconate, celecoxib, haloperidol, posaconazole and, colchicine. Antibiotics like azithromycin, amoxicillin and clavulanate, cephalexin, and doxycycline are used to treat the diseases. We must maintain the birds in hygienic condition in order to prevent the bird diseases.