Rheumatology: Current Research
Open Access

Note on Honey used in Treatment of Atherosclerosis

Kevin Peterson^{* *}Correspondence: Kevin Peterson, Department of Rheumatology, Mongi Slim Hospital, Rheumatology, Marsa, Tunisia, Email:

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Description

Honey is a natural sweetener which is a sweet, flavorful liquid. Honey is used as a supplement medicine even since from ancient times. The chemical composition of honey mostly depends on the environment and geographical conditions and also depends on humidity and weather and the nectar conditions and there treatment of honey during extraction and storage. Atherosclerosis is a chronic disease which is caused when arteries are narrowed which caused by formation of plaque. Arteries are nothing but blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients from your heart to the whole body. It is mostly caused in older people because in older people fats, cholesterol and calcium are collected into the arteries and they restricts the flow of blood in the wall of the arteries so that organs and tissues from getting oxygenated blood so that they can function. This leads to the formation of plague in it makes difficult in movement of blood through arteries. So this may form plague in any artery in your body that includes heart, legs and kidney. The risk factor of Atherosclerosis can be deceased by the gene therapy, the dietary antioxidants, vitamins and drugs.

Chemical Composition of Honey

Carbohydrates

In honey 82% of carbohydrates are present. The carbohydrates contain fructose, glucose, sucrose, and maltose. The erlose, theanderose formed from incomplete breakdown of saccharides that are present in nectar.

Amino acids and proteins

Honey consists of eighteen amino acids .Honey contains number of enzymes. Honey contains invertase which is used to convert sucrose to glucose and fructose. Amlyase which converts starch into small pieces. The glucose oxidase which convert the gluconolactone which into gives gluconic hydrogen peroxide. The catalase which breaks the peroxide which is produced by glucose oxidase into water and the oxygen .The other acid called phosphorlase that terminates the inorganic phosphate from organic phosphate.

Vitamins, minerals and antioxidants

Honey contain Vitamin B, Vitamin C, Vitamin B6 and minerals, selenium, chromium and magnesium, calcium, iron, potassium, phosphorous, zinc and manganese. In group of antioxidant honey are the flavonoids. Honey contains many concentrations of polyphenols, which are powerful antioxidant

Other compounds

Honey contains organic acids such as succinic, lactic. The main acid is gluconic acid which breaks glucose by glucose oxidase.

Honey as A Multiple Facets of Atherosclerosis

Oxidative damage

Oxidative stress happens as a neurotic condition because of an extreme age of revolutionary species over cancer prevention agent guard framework. The extreme species are addressed by superoxide anion revolutionary, hydroxyl, alkoxyl and lipid peroxyl revolutionaries, nitric oxide and peroxynitrite. They assault the cells, oxidize and harm proteins, lipids, and Deoxyribonucleic Acids (DNA) haphazardly under pressure conditions and over the top levels.

Inflammatory responses

Honey is found to modulate the inflammatory response in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through particular inhibitory ways of (i) proinflammatory markers, for example, cytokines, COX-2, CRP and TNF-α and (ii) ROS age.

Hypertension

Hypertension is firmly ensnared in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Ongoing investigations which detailed honey diminished systolic circulatory strain and MDA levels in hypertensive rodents and reduced the helplessness of rodent kidneys to oxidative harm through upregulating the statement of erythroid 2-related component 2 (Nrf2), a significant record consider controlling cell reinforcement guards constant renal disappointment or hypertensive rodents. The outcomes have shown that the defensive impact of honey on hypertensive rodents is principally contributed by its cancer prevention agent and calming action. Atherosclerosis is a damaging chronic disease which caused due to formation of plague in arteries. However, further research work leads to the improvement and progress management of this chronic disease with naturally associate applications of honey in food and pharmaceutical industries. Atherosclerosis frequently doesn’t cause symptoms until the middle-age or older.

Conclusion

As the constricting becomes severe, it can obstruct off blood flow and cause ache. Blockages can also break suddenly. That leads blood to clot inside an artery at the site of the rupture. The patient may not have symptoms till their artery is approximately closed or till they have a heart stroke. Indications can also base on which artery is narrowed or blocked. There, the plaque develops to a definite size and then ruptures. Since this plaque doesn't cause blockage blood flow, it could never cause symptoms. Stable plaques in your heart's arteries cause chest pain. Rapid plaque rupture and coagulation cause heart muscle to expire. Poor circulation can occur when the arteries in your legs narrow. You will find it difficult to walk as a result of this; Wounds will take long time to heal.