Lupus: Open Access
Open Access

Overview, Daignosis and Treatment of Lupus Anticoagulant Syndrome

Ryes Andrew^{* *}Correspondence: Ryes Andrew, Department of Pathophysiology, East Africa University, Bosaso, Somalia, Email:

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Description

Lupus anticoagulants are a diverse class of immunoglobulins that particularly target epitopes that are part of the negative-charged phospholipid binding protein of the cell membrane, prothrombin, and beta2-GPI, inhibiting phospholipid-dependent coagulation invitro. Antiphospholipid syndrome is an uncommon autoimmune condition characterised by the formation of blood clots in numerous regions of the body. Because it is more common in patients with lupus, it is also known as lupus anticoagulant syndrome.

The effects of clots might be fatal depending on their location. Blood thinners can help prevent clots and problems. Antiphospholipid syndrome (aPL syndrome) is an uncommon autoimmune condition. It induces the formation of blood clots (thromboses) in numerous places of your body. Blood clots can obstruct blood flow, causing tissue and organ damage. Blood clots can also go our heart, or lungs, producing life-threatening complications.

Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome, lupus anticoagulant syndrome, and anticardiolipin antibody syndrome are all examples of autoimmune disorders. The Hughes syndrome is another example. Antibodies are proteins which are designed to help the body fight infection. However, antibodies can occasionally use mistak to attack healthy cells.

Anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulants are two examples. Antiphospholipid antibodies are both types. Anticoagulants for lupus attack phospholipids (a form of fat found in all living cells). Anticardiolipin antibodies target cardiolipins (which are located in the outermost layer of cells and platelets). The location of the blood clots determines the signs and symptoms of lupus anticoagulant syndrome. They can develop in any part of the body.

• Stroke, transient ischemic episodes (mini-strokes), seizures, tremors, or involuntary muscular movements are all symptoms of the brain.

• Heart problems include chest pain, mitral valve regurgitation, and a heart attack.

• Pain, swelling, redness, warmth, sores or ulcers in the legs.

• Lungs: difficulty breathing, chest pain, tiredness, high levels of blood in the pulmonary arteries, pulmonary embolism, and even death.

• Discoloured blotchy patches of skin (livedo reticularis).

• Arm, back, neck, or jaw discomfort.

• Headaches.

• Nausea.

• Thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet levels), which can result in easy bruising and lengthier episodes of bleeding.

• Rashes on the skin.

• Gangrene (death of tissue) in the fingertips or toes.

• platelets).

• Fetal development is delayed.

• Miscarriages.

• Preeclampsia.

• A physical exam will be performed by a healthcare provider to diagnose antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.

• Inquire about the symptoms as well like the medical background.

• Request blood testing. A lab will time how long it takes for an assortment of your blood to coagulate in various settings.

• Both must be present of the following symptoms to be given a diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome:

• Antiphospholipid antibodies in the body.

• Health issues that are related.

• Although the autoimmune illness cannot be prevented,

• Give up smoking and tobacco products.

• Avoid using oral contraception (birth control pills).

• Manage other medical disorders such as hypertension (high blood pressure) and diabetes.

Treatment for antiphospholipid syndrome

Antiphospholipid syndrome is incurable. The goal of treatment is to keep blood clots from developing. Some persons who have mild instances may not require therapy. Others may merely require aspirin on a daily basis to thin the blood and prevent clots. Others, on the other hand, may require stronger blood thinners, such as heparin or warfarin. The prognosis for antiphospholipid syndrome is determined by the severity of the illness.

Catastrophic Antiphospholipid Syndrome (CAPS) is a type of antiphospholipid disease that is uncommon. Blood clots can grow in several organ systems and lead to life-threatening multi- organ failure. However, anticoagulants (blood thinners) and lifestyle adjustments can help treat many cases of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome.