Journal of Clinical Toxicology
Open Access

Pharmacology of Congestive Heart Failure

Habibiyan Ahmadi^{* *}Correspondence: Habibiyan Ahmadi, Department of Rehabilitation, Warsaw Division of Physical Medicine, Military Medical Institute, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland, Email:

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Introduction

CCF (Congestive Cardiac Failure) or CHF(Congestive Heart Failure) is mainly caused by a weakened heart muscle that is unable to effectively circulate blood throughout the body. This weakness is mainly caused by narrowing the small blood vessels which supplies oxygen to heart which is major source for proper functioning of heart. These blocked vessels make the heart to work faster making the heart muscles weaker day by day. After some span of time, heart muscles get weaker and lose its pumping action [1]. The main pumping chambers of the guts (the ventricles) can change size and thickness, and either can’t contract (squeeze) or can’t relax (fill). This triggers fluid retention, particularly within the lungs, legs and abdomen. The major causes of coronary failure include coronary heart condition and attack, high vital sign, damage to the guts muscle (cardiomyopathy), heart valve problems and abnormal heart rhythms of these; coronary heart condition and attack are the foremost common causes [2]. The major factors that contribute to coronary heart disease includes obesity, unhealthy eating, high blood pressure, diabetes, smoking, high levels of cholesterol, excessive intake of alcohol and physical inactivity.

Symptoms

Symptoms of coronary failure includes new or worsening shortness of breath (particularly during physical activity or waking you up at night), difficulty lying flat in the dark fainting or passing out (syncope), weight gain (more than 2 kg per week), muscular fatigue, tiredness, swelling of ankles or legs, swelling of abdomen, dizziness, heart palpitations (heart pounding or beating too fast), chest pain or discomfort in parts of the upper body, unexplained coughing and wheezing, loss of appetite, constipation.

Diagnosis

To confirm an initial diagnosis, doctor might order certain diagnostic tests to examine your heart’s valves, blood vessels, and chambers. There is a spread of tests wont to diagnose heart conditions. Because these tests measure various things, your doctor may recommend a couple of to urge a full picture of your current condition. The tests may include Electrocardiogram, Echocardiogram, MRI, Stress test, Blood tests and Cardiac catheterization (Table 1) [3-5].

Table 1: All cases of B-cell lymphomas with flower cell morphology in chronological order.

Conclusion

There are several medications that can be used to treat CHF, including ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers along with antiarrhythmic medications, antihypertensive medications and albuterol. Diuretics, cardiac resynchronization therapy, implantable cardioverter defibrillator, sometimes it needed coronary artery bypass surgery.

References

1. William W Parmley. Pathophysiology of congestive heart failure. Rev Cardiovascular Medicine. 2003;4(S2):14-20.
2. Goodlin SJ. Palliative care in congestive heart failure. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2009;54(5):386-396.
3. Figueroa MS, Peters JI. Congestive heart failure: diagnosis, pathophysiology, therapy, and implications for respiratory care. Rcjournal. 2006;51(4):403-412.
4. Vasan RS, Benjamin EJ, Levy D. Congestive heart failure with normal left ventricular systolic function: clinical approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of diastolic heart failure. Arch Intern Med. 1996;156(2):146-157.
5. Whitehurst T, McGivern J, McClure K, Thacker J. Inventors; Advanced Bionics Corp, Assignee. Treatment of Congestive Heart Failure. United States Patent Application. 2004;10:512,713.