Emergency Medicine: Open Access
Open Access

Pre-Operative Exploratory of Surgical Emergency by Anaesthesia

Manash Meheta^{* *}Correspondence: Manash Meheta, Health Systems and Health Policy, Indian Institute of Public Health-Gandhinagar, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India, Email:

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Description

A surgical emergency is a medical emergency in which surgical intervention is the only viable option for successfully resolving the issue. A medical specialty known as surgery uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on an individual to investigate or treat a pathological condition like a disease or injury, assist in enhancing a person's appearance and bodily function.

A surgical procedure, operation, or surgery can all refer to the act of performing surgery. The meaning of surgical is pertaining to surgery; such as a surgical nurse or instruments. A person or animal can serve as the subject for the surgical procedure. Surgery is performed by a surgeon, and surgical assistance is performed by a surgeon's assistant. A surgical team includes the surgeon, the surgeon's assistant, an anesthetist, a circulating nurse, and a surgical technologist. Although surgery typically lasts only a few minutes to a few hours, it is typically not a treatment that is continued on a regular basis.

The fundamental principle of surgery is the physical intervention of organs, organ systems, or tissues for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. Surgery is an invasive procedure. When a person's tissues are cut or a wound that has been previously sustained is closed, a procedure is considered surgical. The use of a sterile environment, anesthesia, antiseptic conditions, typical surgical instruments, and suturing or stapling are all of common surgical procedures that may be considered surgery for procedures that do not necessarily fall under this category. All of these procedures include endoscopy and angioplasty. Invasive procedures are all types of surgery; surgical procedures are typically categorized according to urgency, type of procedure, body system involved, degree of invasiveness, and special instrumentation. "Non-invasive surgery" typically refers to an excision that does not penetrate the structure being excised. Depending on the availability of the surgeon and the surgical facility, elective surgery can be requested to treat a condition that is not life-threatening. A semi-elective surgery is one that can be delayed for a short period of time but must be performed to prevent death or permanent disability. Surgery that must be performed immediately to prevent death, severe disability, or the loss of limbs and functions is referred to as emergency surgery. A diagnosis is helped or confirmed by exploratory surgery. A condition that has already been diagnosed is treated with therapeutic surgery. The objective of cosmetic surgery is to subjectively enhance an otherwise normal structure's appearance.

The pre-operative holding area is very important during the surgical phase because this is where the majority of the patient's family. Pre-operative medications (antibiotics, sedatives, etc.) are administered, a peripheral IV line is inserted, and a set of vital signs are recorded. An antiseptic (ideally chlorhexidine gluconate in alcohol, as this is twice as effective at reducing the risk of infection as povidone-iodine) is applied to the skin surface that will be operated on, which is called the operating field. If hair is present at the surgical site, it is clipped off prior to the application of the prep. After the patient is helped into a specific surgical position by an anesthesiologist or resident, sterile drapes are used to cover the surgical site or at least a large area surrounding the operating field; An ether screen is created by attaching the drapes to two poles near the head of the bed to separate the unsterile working area of the anesthetist/anesthesiologist from the sterile surgical site.

The patient's stay in the surgical area such as the operating room or surgical department marks the beginning of the intraoperative phase, which continues until the patient is moved to a recovery area.