Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences
Open Access

Prevention of Current Viral (COVID-19) Infection and Future Outbreak by Modulating Dietary Habit and Life Style

Lukmanul Hakkim F^1* and Hamid A. Bakshi^{2 *}Correspondence: Lukmanul Hakkim F, Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Research Center, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman, Tel: +96894954482, Email:

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Introduction

Unexpected outbreak of the COVID-19 virus and its rapid spread in community created massive disturbances among the world countries and flabbergasted various government sectors worldwide. The COVID-19 spread causes the loss of several innocent people. The number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 infection and related deaths are rising day by day. As of midst of February 2020, the largest mortality report was reported in china whereas the incidence in other Asian countries, in Europe and North America remains low so far [1]. The first two COVID-19 cases were reported in Oman on 24^th February 2020 and as of 7^th May a total of 2958 laboratory confirmed COVID-19 cases with 980 cases being cured and mortality rate 0.5% [2]. The efforts of scientist to characterize the COVID-19 genome sequence [3,4] lead to rapid understanding of COVID-19 characteristics and its molecular mechanism of host infection however, developing new anti-viral agents and vaccines within a short span of time remains to be an unreachable milestone. Although scientist learn the detrimental effects of previous outbreaks such as SARS, MERS, Ebola etc. still modern medicine could not able to restrict the COVID-19 infection spread and save human life.

The scientific data clearly suggests that from the current COVID-19 outbreak the people having stronger immune system or first line defense system showed resistance and recovered. However the old age people with weaker first line defense system along with other complications such as diabetes, asthma, COPD, high blood pressure could not able to fight COVID-19 and sadly resulted in deaths [5]. It is general perception as per the COVID-19 case fatality rate (CFR) that young people's morbid condition is relatively less severe than aged people [6]. According to the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, as of May 28, 2020 the overall CFR was 2.37% in 11,344 patients with confirmed cases however it was increased in elderly patients (10.9% in patients aged 70-79 years and 26.6% in patients ≥80 years) [7]. CFR data from china states that as of February 11, 2020, 2.3% CFR was recorded out of 44,672 diagnosed cases however, the CFR was 8.0% in patients aged 70-79 years and 14.8% in patients aged ≥80 years [8]. Further CFR data from Italy shows that CFR was <1% in the age group of <50 years and rapidly increased in the age group of ≥60 years, reaching 16.9% and 24.4% in the age group of 70-79 years and ≥80 years, respectively [9].

Discussion

Recent data published in nature medicine states that 42 year old Chinese woman recovered from COVID-19 symptoms after 7 days of observation period by natural innate immune response and patients blood sample analysis reveals that number of antibody secreting cells (ASCs), circulating TFH cells CD38+HLA-DR+ CD8+ T cells increased in response to infection [10].

Further blood collected from the recovered patients infused to patients with severe symptoms is in clinical practice. This is clear evidence that indicates recovered patients possess stronger immune system and their blood contains antibodies against COVID-19. This emphasizes the importance of maintaining the stronger immune system. In near future there are risks of emerging new virus outbreak and it may be more severe infectious agent than COVID-19. To combat such type of unexpected virus outbreaks the immune system of people should be forceful irrespective of age group. “Prevention is better than cure” so focusing on preventive measures would improve the clinical outcomes rather than actions during the course of outbreak.

Currently different clinical trials using chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), azithromycin, remdesivir to treat COVID-19 patients all over the world and so far the efficacy of these on clearance of COVID-19 is not convincing. French group reported clinical trial data on six patients who received HCQ and azithromycin. This treatment facilitates viral clearance from nasopharynx of patients and they suggested this might indicate synergy between HCQ and azithromycin [11]. In another study from the French group reported clinical trial on non-randomized series of 80 patients with mild COVID-19 who had been treated with HCQ and azithromycin [12]. Although sufficient numbers of patients were recruited in this study however they could not draw conclusive evidence on efficacy of HCQ and azithromycin.

Another small randomized controlled trial reported from China on the efficacy of HCQ for mild COVID-19 symptoms [13]. This study suggested that HCQ diminished cough and fever significantly but side effects remain questionable. Further there are no clear data are available on viral clearance, patients discharge history and mortality. A retrospective analysis of 181 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in France, in which 84 patients who received HCQ (600 mg/day) and remaining 97 patients who did not receive treatment [14]. The outcome of this study states that there was no benefit for the patients who received HCQ and approximately 10% of patients discontinued the treatment because of changes in their electrocardiograms (ECGs). A recent study conducted in Brazil where participant received high dose CQ (600 mg BID for 10 days) and low dose CQ (450 BID × 1 day then 450 mg daily × 4 days) along with ceftriaxone and azithromycin [15]. Data reveal that more than 25% of patients who received high doses developed a prolonged QTc > 500 ms. Further there was no clear evidence on viral clearance and study was stopped due to safety concerns. Tolerance of intake of chemical based drugs by human system is always remains an unanswered question. Practicing natural medicine to prevent or to treat the disease is always a better option and World health organization recommends this [16].

The modern life style such as intake of junk foods [17], irregular sleeping habit [18], less intake of water [19], lack of exercise [20], food with less antioxidants [21] causes detrimental effects such as lowering immune power, increases risk of having life style based diseases such as diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, high blood pressure, etc. These clinical conditions make the human system more vulnerable to infections. Natural food ingredients such as garlic, ginger, turmeric, lemon, cinnamon, black seed, and pepper have long history for its immune boosting activities however the scientific evidence on immune boosting effects of these food ingredients is lacking.

Conclusion

Intake of these food ingredients and biological properties of its phytochemicals are ignored by modern diet habit. Further regular exercise and remaining hydrated is an important strategy to maintain the immune system stronger. We propose that regular intake of dietary garlic, ginger, turmeric, lemon, cinnamon, black seed, and pepper would keep immune system stronger to fight against any type of viral infections.

Conflict of Interests

The author(s) declare no potential conflict of interest.

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