Journal of Probiotics & Health
Open Access

Probiotics: Their Side Effects and Benefits of Gut Health

Peter Kwan^{* *}Correspondence: Peter Kwan, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China, Email:

Author info »

Introduction

Probiotics have gained significant popularity in recent years as a potential remedy for various health issues and as a way to promote gut health. These live microorganisms often referred to as "good" or "friendly" bacteria are believed to confer a plethora of benefits to the digestive system and overall well-being. However, like any dietary supplement or health intervention, probiotics come with their own set of considerations, including the possibility of side effects [1].

Description

Defining probiotics

Probiotics are live microorganisms, mainly bacteria and some yeasts, that are believed to offer health benefits when consumed in adequate amounts. They can be found in various fermented foods like yogurt, kimchi, sauerkraut, and kefir, as well as in dietary supplements. Probiotics are thought to promote a balanced gut microbiome, which in turn can impact digestion, immune function, and even mental health [2].

The potential benefits of probiotics

Probiotics have been studied extensively for their potential positive effects on health. Some well-researched benefits include:

• Improved digestion: Probiotics are known to aid in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, helping maintain a healthy gut environment.
• Boosted immune system: A significant portion of the immune system resides in the gut. Probiotics are thought to support immune function by maintaining a diverse and balanced gut microbiome.
• Relief from gastrointestinal issues: Probiotics have been shown to alleviate symptoms of certain gastrointestinal disorders like Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), diarrhea, and constipation.
• Mental health support: Emerging research suggests a potential link between the gut and brain, often referred to as the “gutbrain axis.” Probiotics might play a role in supporting mental well-being and reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression [3].

Possible probiotic side effects

While many individuals experience positive effects from consuming probiotics, it's important to acknowledge that there can be side effects for some people. Common probiotic side effects include:

• Digestive upset: Initially introducing probiotics to ones system can sometimes lead to symptoms like gas, bloating, and mild stomach discomfort. These symptoms typically subside as human body adjusts.
• Allergic reactions: In rare cases, individuals with allergies to certain strains of bacteria found in probiotics might experience allergic reactions. It’s crucial to read labels carefully and consult a healthcare professional if have known allergies.
• Infection risk: People with weakened immune systems or underlying health conditions could be at risk of developing infections due to the introduction of live microorganisms through probiotics. Consultation with a healthcare provider is advised in such cases.
• Risk for certain populations: Some specific groups, such as premature infants, critically ill patients, and those with compromised immune systems, should exercise caution when considering probiotic use due to potential health risks [4].

Minimizing probiotic side effects

• Start slowly: Begin with a lower dose of probiotics and gradually increase it. This can help one’s body adjust to the new microorganisms.
• Choose reputable brands: When selecting probiotic supplements, opt for reputable brands that provide clear information about the strains included in their products.
• Consult a healthcare professional: Before starting any new dietary supplement, especially if one has underlying health conditions, it’s wise to consult a healthcare professional to ensure it’s safe for everyone.
• Monitor body: Pay attention to how the body responds to probiotics. If one has experienced persistent or severe side effects, discontinue use and seek medical advice.

Conclusion

Probiotics can offer numerous benefits for many individuals seeking to support their gut health and overall well-being. While the majority of people can consume probiotics without any adverse effects, it's essential to be aware of the potential side effects and to make informed decisions. By starting slowly, choosing quality products, and seeking medical guidance when necessary, one can harness the potential benefits of probiotics while minimizing the risk of any unwanted outcomes. Remember, what works best for one person might not be suitable for another, so listen to body and prioritize health above all else.

References

1. Vanderhoof JA, Whitney DB, Antonson DL, Hanner TL, Lupo JV, Young RJ. Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. J Pediatr. 1999;135(5):564-568.

   [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

2. Szajewska H, Kotowska M, Mrukowicz JZ, Arma M, Mikolajczyk W. Efficacy of Lactobacillus GG in prevention of nosocomial diarrhea in infants.  J Pediatr. 2001;138(3):361-365.

   [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

3. Saxelin M, Pessi T, Salminen S. Fecal. Recovery following oral administration of Lactobacillus strain GG (ATCC 53103) in gelatine capsules to healthy volunteers. Int J Food Microbiol. 1995;25(2):199-203.

   [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]

4. Armuzzi A, Cremonini F, Bartolozzi F, Canducci F, Candelli M, Ojetti V, et al. The effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus GG on antibiotic‐associated gastrointestinal side‐effects during Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2001;15(2):163-169.

   [CrossRef] [Google Scholar] [PubMed]