Acute and Chronic Disease Reports
Open Access

Reason behind Deaths of Children due to Diarrhoeal Disease

Manoj Anandan^{* *}Correspondence: Manoj Anandan, Department of Preventive Medicine, ICMR-National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India, Email:

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Description

Diarrhoea is the second most common reason for death for kids under the age of five. It's treatable as well as preventable. Diarrhoea kills over 525, 000 children every year. Diarrhoea can continue for several days, depriving the body water and salts which is a basic need for survival. The most common causes of diarrhoea deaths were acute dehydration and fluid loss. The most vulnerable to life-threatening diarrhoea are children who are malnourished or have weakened immunity, as well as adults living with HIV. The passage of three or more loose or liquid stools per day is defined as diarrhoea. Frequent moving of formed stools, as well as the movement of loose, "pasty" stools by breastfed babies, is not actually a diarrhoea. Other causes of diarrhoea-related death, such as septic bacterial infections, are now expected to contribute for growing causes for all diarrhoearelated deaths.

Diarrhoea is an indication of an infection in the intestines, which can be caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Infection spreads from one to person to another as a result of inadequate hygiene or through contaminated food or drinking water. Diarrhoea preventative measures includes safe drinking water, improved sanitation, and hand washing with soap can all help to lower disease risk. Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS), a solution of clean water, sugar, and salt, should be used to treat diarrhoea. Furthermore, a 10-to-14-day supplemental treatment course of dispersible 20 mg zinc tablets reduces the length of diarrhoea and improves the result. Dehydration is the most severe risk posed by diarrhoea. Water and electrolytes (sodium, chloride, potassium, and bicarbonate) are lost by liquid stools, vomit, perspiration, urine, and respiration during a diarrhoeal episode. When these losses are not restored, dehydration occurs. Dehydration that is severe will shows at least two of the following symptoms: unconsciousness, sunken eyes, inability to drink, or poor drinking and the skin pinch returns very slowly. Dehydration that is in low amount will show symptoms like agitation, restlessness, and thirsty sunken eyes. Diarrhoea is a symptom of diseases caused by a variety of bacteria, viruses, and parasites, the majority of which are transmitted by feces-contaminated water. When there is a lack of proper sanitation and hygiene, as well as safe drinking, cooking, and cleaning water, infection is more likely to happen. The two most prevalent etiological agents of moderate-to-severe diarrhoea in low- income countries are rotavirus and Escherichia coli. Human feces-contaminated water, such as that from sewage, septic tanks, and latrines, is of particular concern. Microorganisms that cause diarrhoea can also be found in animal faeces.

Conclusion

Diarrhoea can also be passed from person to person, which is made aggravated by poor personal cleanliness. When food is cooked or stored in unsanitary circumstances, it is another important cause of diarrhoea. Domestic water storage and management that is unsafe is also a significant risk factor. Polluted water may also be a source of disease-causing fish and shellfish. The world's poorest countries have the highest death rate from diarrheal illnesses. While bacterial infections are the most common cause of diarrheal illnesses, rotavirus is the largest common causal agent. In recent decades, the number of people in age group of childrens from 1-5 are dying from diarrheal diseases as a result of poor water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions has increased. Key treatments for diarrhoea are Rehydration, Zinc supplements, Nutrient-rich foods.