Orthopedic & Muscular System: Current Research
Open Access

Role of Joint Replacement Surgery in Orthopedic Diseases

Hongen Liao^{* *}Correspondence: Hongen Liao, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China, Email:

Author info »

Description

An arthritic or diseased joint surface is replaced with an orthopaedic prosthesis during joint replacement surgery, and it is a type of orthopaedic surgery. When severe joint pain or dysfunction cannot be treated with less intrusive methods, joint replacement is explored as a therapy option. It is a type of arthroplasty and is frequently recommended for people with a variety of joint conditions, such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Parts of an arthritic or diseased joint are surgically removed and replaced with prosthetic devices made of metal, plastic, or ceramic during a joint replacement process. The prosthesis is made to mimic the motion of a healthy, normal joint. The most frequent joint replacements are shoulder, hip, knee, and Ankle that can also undergo replacement surgery.

Shoulder replacement surgery is few main ways to access the shoulder joint while replacing a shoulder. The deltopectoral approach is the first option, while it spares the deltoid, by its necessitates cutting the supraspinatus. The second method offers a direct path to the glenoid is known as transdeltoid approach. This method puts the deltoid at risk for potential harm. Depending on the surgeon's preferences, either or both techniques are used. Although study of historical data reveals that nine out of ten shoulder replacements last for at least a decade, the number of shoulder replacements performed each year is rising.

Hip replacement surgery or a partial hip replacement can be carried out. In contrast to hemiarthroplasty, which replaces the femoral head, a total hip replacement by involves replacing the acetabulum as well. The most frequent orthopaedic surgery is a hip replacement, for both short and long-term patient satisfaction varies greatly.

Knee replacement surgery is the front of the knee is exposed by during a knee replacement, and the patellar tendon and a portion of vastus medialis for the quadriceps are separated. The proximal and distal ends of the tibia and femur can be seen because of the patella's displacement to one side of the joint. The ends of these bones are then precisely shaped using cutting guides that are aligned with their long axes. The tibial and fibular collateral ligaments are retained, but the cartilages and anterior knee ligament are removed. The posterior cruciate ligament may also be removed. Then, Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) cement is used to fix the metal components, either by impacting them onto the bone. There are several methods for attaching the implant without glue. These cement-free methods, which may also include porous metal prostheses, and may involve bone formation.

Ankle replacement surgery has supplanted the traditional use of arthrodesis, or the fusing of the bones, they as preferred treatment for those requiring arthroplasty. The major benefit of ankle replacement over arthrodesis is the return for range of motion. Clinical proof of the former's superiority, meanwhile, they have only been shown for specific, isolated implant designs.

Surgery is to replace a joint that can help us to move freely and without pain. Many people can participate in activities they once adored after having a joint replacement. These procedures enable people to lead active lifestyles, considerably enhancing quality of life and general health.