Journal of Molecular Pathology and Biochemistry
Open Access

Role of Systems Biochemistry Understanding the Function of Mitochondrial Protein

David Floyd^{* *}Correspondence: David Floyd, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA, Email:

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Description

In the post-genomic era, it is a huge task to define activities for the entire protein complement, yet doing so is crucial for our understanding of basic biology and disease pathophysiology. This project has recently benefited from a combination of contemporary large-scale and conventional reductionist techniques, a method we call "systems biochemistry," which helps get beyond historical obstacles to the characterization of poorly known proteins [1]. This approach is working especially well for mitochondria, whose well-defined proteome has made it possible to conduct thorough analyses of the entire mitochondrial system, positioning understudied proteins for successful mechanistic studies. Recent systems biochemistry methods have speed up the discovery of previously "missing" proteins that carry out essential functions as well as new mitochondrial proteins linked to disease [2]. When taken as a whole, these researches are advancing our understanding of mitochondrial functions and offering a molecular foundation for the study of mitochondrial disease.

The status of modern biological science is astounding; we do our study at a time when the techniques allow us to quantify almost every biomolecule, advances in imaging, "structural biology," and gene editing technologies allow us to change DNA apparently without bounds. However, it is arguable that our comprehension of the underlying gene functions that underlie biological systems has advanced more quickly than our capacity to measure, observe, and modify them [3,4].

Detailed functional analysis of mitochondrial proteins

For the above-mentioned grand challenge, an established compendium of proteins for a biological system achieves two objectives: it identifies the system's unidentified components and serves as the foundation for a methodical approach to determining their roles. Many of these studies' systems biochemistry approaches have typically taken one of two shapes: a top-down strategy looking for a missing piece of an established process, or a bottom-up strategy starting with the purposeful disruption of poorly characterized genes [5]. The following examples show how a methodical evaluation of a clearly defined mitochondrial proteome resulted in distinct hypotheses and fresh information regarding protein function.

Similar to the forward genetics method, a top-down method starts with an unidentified function or phenotype and then identifies the underlying genes and/or proteins. Understanding of mitochondrial transporters and the creation of respiratory super complexes is related to the statement that a defined system catalyses the assignment of orphan protein functions. Transporters in the mitochondria. By reducing the search space for a known missing activity, an existing compendium can be very effective in facilitating the identification of protein function. The identification of the mitochondrial calcium importer serves as an example.

Systems biochemistry is evolving in a variety of ways going forward. First, this strategy's scope will be widened through new screening and computational approaches [6]. Our ability to modify the genomes of higher-order model organisms has already undergone a revolution thanks to CRISPR-Cas9. This will enable larger and more accurate screens to link additional genes to known processes and position them for in-depth biochemical follow-up. This will be made possible by developments in metabolomics and massively parallel sequencing technologies, as well as the application of new computational and machine learning techniques. In the end, more research along these lines will open the door for a genomewide systems biochemistry initiative to shed light on the proteome's "dark matter."

The post-genomic era of thorough gene and protein characterization envisioned by the sequencing pioneers decades ago may finally be beginning due to the recent increased understanding that a surprisingly significant percentage of our genomes have been experimentally overlooked and quickly developing technologies. Notably, in the systems biochemistry paradigm, as more proteins are functionalized, the more they power, via a bootstrapping effect, greater comprehension of other uncharacterized proteins. To understand complex biology, however, systematic methods alone will never be sufficient; therefore, these efforts must continue to be framed by sophisticated queries on the front end and a commitment to meticulous, quantitative experiments on the back end. That ought to continue to shape our understanding of mitochondria and other topics, along with some strategic serendipity.

References

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