Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems
Open Access

Safety Assessment of Personal and Pharmaceutical Care Products

Ankesh Taras^{* *}Correspondence: Ankesh Taras, Department of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada, Email:

Author info »

Description

While Personal Care Products (PCPs) are primarily used to enhance daily living, pharmaceuticals are defined as prescription, over-the-counter, and veterinary therapeutic medications intended to prevent or treat human and animal disorders. The inadvertent presence of PPCPs in water, sediments, and biota among other compartments of the aquatic environment at amounts that can be harmful to aquatic creatures has come to light more frequently in recent years. This has grown to be a serious issue due to the widespread and growing usage of PPCPs in veterinary and human medicine, which releases them continuously into the environment.

The compounds used for cleanliness, cosmetics, medical care, and personal care goods are known as pharmaceuticals and personal care products, or PPCPs. They are a major public issue because of their tremendous rates of production and consumption around the world, as well as their uncontrollably rapid release into the environment. Many of them, especially the antibiotics, analgesics, endocrine disruptors, and microbial/disinfecting agents, are often found in fresh water systems, groundwater, and wastewater treatment effluents at quantities ranging from ng L−1 to mg L−1. Additionally, the majorities of them are persistent and have a tendency to bio accumulate in cell tissue before moving on to crops, vegetables, and drinking water sources.

As a result, a sizable portion of PPCPs have been categorized as "emerging contaminants" due to their potential to harm the ecosystem and/or pose health hazards. The current study is a thorough analysis of the literature on the distribution, destiny, and possible threats to the environment and human health posed by PPCPs in both terrestrial and aquatic settings.

Organic micro pollutants, also referred to as Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs), are pollutants. PPCPs are among a class of substances with demonstrated biological activity that are utilized in veterinary care, medicine, and everyday hygiene maintenance. Even in trace amounts, their presence in the environment may be harmful to all living things, including people. Pharmaceutical residues, including those from antibiotics and hormone medications, are particularly significant. Inappropriate medication manufacture, use, and disposal is the root cause of PPCPs in the environment. PPCPs and their byproducts have the potential to enter wastewater, water, and soil, among other environmental components.

Most PPCPs are hazardous to living things, both acutely and over time. Invertebrates, fish, and higher vertebrates, including humans, are negatively impacted in terms of feeding, mating, metabolism, and reproductive behavior, as well as the structure and function of the algal community.

Another health risk is the development of antibiotic resistance in bacterial populations as a reaction to PPCP pollution. Furthermore, PPCPs' targeting of cytochrome enzymes and mitochondrial respiratory proteins may play a role in the development of a number of physiological disorders. Research has shown a link between methanogenesis which may have an effect on climate change and PPCP pollution. The elimination of PPCPs has involved the application of a number of degrading techniques.

PPCPs have a tendency to be highly polar, hydrophilic, and lowvolatile. They might move through various environmental compartments by means of food chain spread and water transport. In recent years, a great deal of research has been done on the occurrence of PPCPs in various environmental compartments; nevertheless, the majority of these studies have concentrated on certain environmental compartments, like rivers, lakes, and WWTPs. Few studies have thoroughly examined the prevalence of PPCPs at the basin scale in various environmental compartments. A few studies have shown that varying socioeconomic and hydrological factors might cause the hotspots of PPCPs to vary among basins.