Journal of Odontology
Open Access

Scaling and Root Planing: Essential Deep Cleaning for Oral Health

Claudio Schaub^{* *}Correspondence: Claudio Schaub, Department of Dental Surgery, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, Email:

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Description

Achieving optimal oral health requires more than just regular brushing and flossing. Sometimes, more intensive dental procedures are necessary to prevent and treat periodontal diseases. One such significant procedure is scaling and root planing, often referred to as deep cleaning. This study discusses about the, what scaling and root planing entail, their benefits, and what patients can expect during and after the procedure.

Functions of scaling and root planing

Scaling and root planing are non-surgical procedures used to treat gum disease and prevent its progression. They are typically recommended for patients with early signs of gum disease, such as gingivitis, or more advanced periodontal disease.

Scaling: Scaling involves the removal of plaque and tartar (hardened plaque) from the tooth surfaces, particularly below the gum line. Plaque is a sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth, and if not removed, it can harden into tartar, which can only be removed by a dental professional. During scaling, a dentist or dental hygienist uses specialized tools to clean these areas thoroughly, ensuring that all bacterial deposits are eliminated.

Root planing: Root planing is a more thorough cleaning procedure that focuses on smoothing the root surfaces of the teeth. After the scaling process, the rough spots on the roots where bacteria gather are smoothed out. This helps prevent bacteria from reattaching and promotes the healing of the gum tissue. Smoothing the roots also helps the gums reattach to the teeth, reducing pockets between the teeth and gums where bacteria can thrive.

Benefits of scaling and root planing

Scaling and root planing effectively remove plaque and tartar from below the gumline, reducing gum disease and improving overall oral health.

Prevents gum disease progression: By removing plaque and tartar buildup and smoothing the root surfaces, scaling and root planing help prevent the progression of gum disease, potentially avoiding the need for more extensive treatments in the future.

Reduces inflammation and infection: This procedure helps decrease gum inflammation and infection, leading to healthier gums. This can lead to less bleeding, swelling, and discomfort in the gums.

Promotes healing and reattachment: Smoothing the root surfaces allows the gums to reattach to the teeth more effectively, reducing the depth of periodontal pockets and promoting healing.

Improves oral hygiene: After the procedure, maintaining oral hygiene becomes easier as the removal of tartar and smoothing of roots reduce areas where bacteria can accumulate.

Enhances overall health: Treating gum disease is not only crucial for oral health but also for overall health. Gum disease has been associated with several systemic conditions, including heart disease, diabetes, and respiratory issues.

What to expect during the procedure

Scaling and root planing are typically done with local anesthesia to reduce discomfort. The procedure may be completed in one visit, but often it is divided into multiple sessions, especially if extensive cleaning is required.

During the scaling process, the dental professional uses manual instruments, ultrasonic devices, or a combination of both to remove plaque and tartar. The root planing process involves smoothing the tooth roots with specialized tools.

Aftercare and recovery

Following scaling and root planing, patients may experience some sensitivity and discomfort in the gums, which is typically temporary over-the-counter pain relievers can alleviate any discomfort. It's essential to follow the dentist’s aftercare instructions, which may include:

Good oral hygiene: Maintain a rigorous oral hygiene routine with regular brushing, flossing, and mouth rinses to keep the mouth clean and promote healing.

Dietary adjustments: Avoid hard, crunchy, or sticky foods for a few days after the procedure to allow the gums to heal.

Follow-up visits: Attend follow-up appointments as recommended by the dentist to monitor healing and ensure that the gum disease is under control.

Conclusion

Scaling and root planing are important procedures for treating and preventing gum disease. By thoroughly cleaning the teeth and smoothing the roots, these treatments help restore gum health, prevent further dental issues, and contribute to overall well-being. If anyone, experiencing the symptoms of gum disease or have been advised to undergo scaling and root planing, consult with the dental professional to understand the procedure and how it can benefit to oral health.