Organic Chemistry: Current Research
Open Access

Significance of Mercury Ions in Environmental Water

Peil Jochen^{* *}Correspondence: Peil Jochen, Department of Chemistry, Vilnius University, Naugarduko, Vilnius, Lithuania, Email:

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Description

Heavy metal pollution represents a great danger to humans and causes serious environmental issues. Mercury (Hg) is a toxic heavy metal element broadly scattered in the air, water, and soil. Fewer amounts of Hg²⁺ can produce strong toxicity and gather in the environment and organisms and can be moved to the human body through the food chain, straightforwardly harming the human brain, sensory system, kidney, and endocrine system. Consequently, the determination of Mercury ion is important in ecological observation and clinical examination, and it is of great importance to work in the nature of human existence and to protect the Earth's environment. As of now, advanced techniques for mercury-ion detection are as per the following: spectrophotometry, Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Atomic Absorption/Emission Spectrometry (AAS/AES), Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry (AFS), High-Performance Fluid Chromatography (HPLC), and Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES), and fluorescence test detection.

The Ion-Selective Electrode (ISE) procedure, as an analytical instrument, has been generally developed in the fields of the environment, medication, and horticulture because of its benefits of quick speed, simple preparation, minimal expense, and high sensitivity. During the process of preparing ion-carrier membranes with different selective electrodes, numerous organic, and inorganic complexes can be utilized as specific carriers of Mercury ions, for example, ether, amide, glycidyl diamine, metalloporphyrin, Schiff base, calixarene, and alkylamine Mercury salt. Mercury (II) shows a strong affinity with ligands containing sulfur particles, for example, sulfhydryl compounds, sulfur-containing heterocyclic rings, and thiourea derivatives, and its relationship has been confirmed by density functional theory calculations. Many compounds containing sulfur molecules have been effectively utilized as active carriers for Mercury ion-selective electrodes. Li et al. arranged a simple and fast Mercury ion selective electrode based on a 1- Undecanethiol (1-UDT) PVC film electrode for the selective determination of Hg²⁺ ion, with a Nernst-reaction range and a detection limit of 4.5 nM.

Fang et al. detailed a portable Hg²⁺ nanosensor involving the CuS nanozyme functions as a Hg²⁺ recognition unit, which displays high sensitivity with a less detectable Hg²⁺ concentration of 50 ppt. Diamantis et al. detailed a microporous 8-associated Zr⁴⁺ Metal-Organic Framework (MOF) based on a terephthalate ligand designed with a chelating 2-picolylamine side group (dMOR-2), which shows an effective fluorescence detecting and sorption of Mercury particles (Hg²⁺). The Covalent Organic Framework (COF) is a permeable conjugated polymer that shows an enormous surface region, adjustable pore, and simple functionalization. A COF with a sporadic cotton wool patch structure was synthesized from 4,4′,4′-(1,3,5- triazine-2,4,6-triyl) trianiline (TZT), and 4-(3,5-bis (4-formylphenyl) phenyl) benzaldehyde (TFPB).

SEM and TEM characterization also demonstrates the presence of such a recognition effect. The electrode is utilized for the fast determination of Mercury ions in 3 normal environmental water tests and the outcomes are compared and the spectrophotometric method with dithizone. The as-arranged COF_TFPB-TZT shows great selectivity for Hg²⁺, holding significant application value in environmental observing, biomedical and agricultural product safety discovery, and different fields. The interaction between the transporter and Mercury ion, the electrochemical way of behaving of the different modified electrodes above was explored by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltammetry (CV). After joining Hg²⁺ (1.0 × 10^{− 4} mol/L), the impedance worth of the electrode decreases correspondingly, which is because of the solid coordination between the N element group and Hg²⁺ at the other end of COF_TFPB-TZT, which adsorbs positively charged Mercury ions and improves the electronic conductivity, bringing about an electrochemical conduction current and decreased interfacial impedance.

A novel N-rich COF_TFPB-TZT is developed with the dehydration condensation reaction of amine aldehydes. A Hg²⁺ selective electrode based on GPE/COF_TFPB-TZT is prepared based on a self-gathering technique. Specifically, COF_TFPB-TZT contains numerous N elements, which give plentiful coordination sites to Hg²⁺. The experimental outcomes show that the GPE/ COF_TFPB-TZT electrode shows excellent performance with a wide reaction range of 1.0 × 10^-9 ∼1.0 × 10^-4 mol/L and a short reaction, and the detection limit is determined to be 4.5 pM. In correlation with the spectrophotometric strategy using dithizone, the proposed technique is simple and quick and holds great potential application prospects in environmental detection and biomedicine.