Autism-Open Access

Autism-Open Access
Open Access

ISSN: 2165-7890

Short Communication - (2018) Volume 8, Issue 3

Similarities in Dyspraxia and Autism

Waleed Abdulkarim*
Department of Education, University of Northern Border, Saudi Arabia
*Corresponding Author: Waleed Abdulkarim, Department of Education, University of Northern Border, Saudi Arabia, Tel: 00966549443147 Email:

Keywords: Autism; Dyspraxia

Dyspraxia

Dyspraxia is a neurological disorder that affects the planning, gross and fine motor skills. It associated with an absence of coordination and clumsiness, perception, and language and thought. It happens early. These difficulties lead to trouble in paying attention and education. It also is known as 'Motor challenges caused by perceptual problems, mainly visual-motor and kinesthetic-motor difficulties' [1]. However, does not affect the level of the abilities, although it can cause learning issues with no physical impairment, it called a hidden disability [2,3]. Dyspraxia is like a very large mass of ice because the minor obvious side is unseen. The noticeable side is the part of clumsiness and related problems with motor coordination. The unnoticed feature is the unique problems with attention, memory, and some tasks which necessary for perceptual skills. Then the clear portion will be noticeable [4]. The estimation of the proportion of children regarding using the recent version of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children (ABC) around 5%. The cause of dyspraxia is unknown [5,6]. Dyspraxia often happens in both girls equally boys and there is sometimes a family reason [2].

The common symptoms for dyspraxia are the following:

1. Difficulty in starting movements.

2. Excessive movements, for instance, hitting arms while running.

3. A tendency to drop into things.

4. The difficulty with catching a ball.

5. Tired behaviour.

6. Have difficulty in sitting for a period of time.

7. Unstable around the joints, flat feet.

8. Have difficulties in everyday tasks for instance in writing tasks.

9. Deficiency of the two handed tasks such as cleaning.

10. Poor manipulative skills.

11. Inadequate grasp. Difficulty using keys and locks.

12. Have indistinct language.

13. Difficulties in looking from one object to another (for e.g. looking for a TV to the book)

14. Excessive sensation to temperature and pain.

15. Unfocused and erratic.

16. Easily distracted

17. Gestures difficulties or in mediating tone in themselves and or others.

18. The tendency to take things literally. He is listening but hard to understand.

19. Weak in adjusting to novel circumstances.

20. Impulsive.

21. Easily frustrated.

22. Daydream and wander about aimlessly.

23. Sleeping difficulties.

24. Problems with teamwork.

25. Proneness to worries [5-7].

Autism

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a developmental disorder includes weakened social collaboration and communication, deficits in emerging and continuing relations, repetitive behaviours, limited interests, observe behaviours, behavioural inflexibility and weakened sensory processing. The disorder ranges vary from very low to very high functioning because of both the autism signs and the intellect level [8]. The Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) expected that 1 in 59 children are diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) [9].

It is called a 'spectrum disorder' because there is a variation of autism. These indicators seem in the first three years, lasting, and vary from mild to severe. It also influences the child's ability to engage in meaningful occupations. It is disorders of the development of brain functions. It caused by anything in a child's emotional environment. Autism occurs in any families and cultures. A wide range of treatments has been spread to increase the skills of people with autism.

The Similarities between Dyspraxia and Autism

There are various similarities between Autism spectrum disorders and dyspraxia. Dziuk show that dyspraxia in autism hardly to specify as deficiencies in motor skills because of the attendance of additional contributory factors [10]. Also, praxis in autistic children is associated with the social, communicative, and behavioural impairments that describe the disorder. Dyspraxia might be the main symptom of autism or a marker of the neurological defects emerging the condition [11,12].

The common characteristics as follows:

1. They represented as a Developmental disorder.

2. The symptoms appear in an early stage.

3. Lifelong lasting.

4. Vary from mild to severe.

5. Social situations difficulties.

6. Difficulties with motor coordination

7. Change of routine.

8. Communication difficulties.

9. Gestural recognition difficulties [10,13,14].

Suggestions for Further Research

For further investigation of the current paper, the researcher suggests the following topic. The efficiency of a program in reducing of developmental Dyspraxia among the children with Autism spectrum disorder.

References

  1. Kurtz LA (2007) Understanding motor skills in children with dyspraxia, ADHD, autism, and other learning disabilities: A guide to improving coordination. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
  2. Adams L, Lust JM, Wilson PH, Steenbergen B (2014) Compromised motor control in children with DCD: A deficit in the internal model? A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 47: 225-244.
  3. Stansel DJ (2007) Giving a face to a hidden disorder: The Impact of Dyspraxia. Tecplus 22: 1-8.
  4. Grant D (2010) That's the way I think: Dyslexia, dyspraxia and ADHD explained.
  5. Gibbs J, Appleton J, Appleton R (2007) Dyspraxia or developmental coordination disorder? Unravelling the enigma. Arch Dis Child 92: 534-539.
  6. Brookes G (2007) The teaching assistant's guide to dyspraxia. Cheshire, UK. Bloomsbury publishing.
  7. https://dsm.psychiatryonline.org/doi/book/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
  8. https://www.autismspeaks.org/science-news/cdc-increases-estimate-autisms-prevalence-15-percent-1-59-children
  9. Dziuk MA, Larson JC, Apostu A, Mahone EM, Denckla MB, et al. (2007) Dyspraxia in autism: Association with motor, social and communicative deficits. Dev Med Child Neurol 49: 734-739.
  10. Nicolson R (2000) Dyslexia and dyspraxia: Commentary. Dyslexia 6: 203-204.
  11. Miller M, Chukoskie L, Zinni M, Townsend J, Trauner D (2014) Dyspraxia, motor function and visual–motor integration in autism. Behavioral Brain Res 269: 95-102.
  12. Ham HS, Bartolo A, Corley M, Rajendran G, Szabo A, et al. (2011) Exploring the relationship between gestural recognition and imitation: Evidence of dyspraxia in autism spectrum disorders. J Autism Dev Disord 41: 1-12.
  13. Dowell LR, Mahone EM, Mostofsky SH (2009) Associations of postural knowledge and basic motor skill with dyspraxia in autism: Implication for abnormalities in distributed connectivity and motor learning. Neuropsychology 23: 563.
Citation: Abdulkarim W (2018) Similarities in Dyspraxia and Autism. Autism Open Access 8: 231.

Copyright: © 2018 Abdulkarim W. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
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