Andrology-Open Access
Open Access

Sperm Cells Selection: Sperm DNA Breakage and Microfabrication

David Zunn^{* *}Correspondence: David Zunn, Department of Endourology, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, Email:

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About the Study

The male factor is important in reproduction, and despite extensive research, some events, such as sperm DNA fragmentation, remain unknown. This cause of infertility has been studied extensively in recent decades and has been linked to poor sperm parameters and poor reproductive outcomes. The innovative field of microfluidics is one of the techniques that have emerged to address this issue. Microfluidic-based devices have been developed for use as sperm selection methods, with promising results in non-invasive selection of higher-quality sperm with less DNA fragmentation [1]. These devices work by simulating an in vivo environment to induce sperm self-selection. The current review discusses the mechanisms underlying sperm DNA fragmentation and its implications for assisted reproduction, as well as microfluidics as a possible applications for human sperm selection.

Sperm densities in normal men range from 15 million to more than 200 million sperm per millilitre of sperm. If you have very few than 15 million sperm per millilitre or even less than 49 million sperm total per ejaculate, indicates of having a low sperm count.

Proficiency Testing (PT) is a commonly accepted method of ensuring quality testing in clinical laboratories. The American Association of Bioanalysts (AAB) provides a sperm count PT module for andrology that reports results based on the kind of counting chamber used in the participating research laboratories. There are several types of sperm counting chambers on the market, making it challenging for the andrology laboratory to determine which the best to use [2].

Globozoospermia is a rare condition found in less than 0.2% of fertility issues men wherein spermatozoa lack the acrosomes required for oocyte penetration. While methods for globozoospermic men to achieve a viable pregnancy with their partner have been demonstrated, the WHO considers identifying and disclosing globozoospermia on semen analysis to be important. The purpose of this study is to see if and how In-vitro Fertilisation (IVF) laboratories across the country recognise and survey globozoospermia on semen review report [3].

Sperm motility is a measurement of the sperm's functionality. Sperm is collected as from cauda or the seminal vesicles and tested for motility manually or using CASA. Rat motility is generally high and fairly consistent across living creatures: The normal range for point margin motile varies between laboratories, but control values for rodents, dogs, and monkeys should be in the 89-96% range [4]. The methodologic requirements for measuring motility and obtaining acceptable values are quite well documented (a standard minimum value for sperm motility in control groups is generally considered to be 90%). It is suggested that the process of developing these measures be delegated to a group within the research organization that has the passion and knowledge to focus on obtaining the best and most representative data from each sample.

Conclusion

Aquaporins (AQPs) are membrane - spanning water channels that are permeable to certain other small solutes such as hydrogen peroxide in addition to water. Mammalian and fish sperm cells express different AQPs, despite the lack of agreement among researchers on where they are found. AQP3 and AQP11 are primarily expressed in the dorsal fin, AQP7 in the head, and AQP9 in the midpiece in humans. The importance of AQPs for the proper functioning of sperms to ensure normal fertility was revealed by the results of experiments with KO mice and data gathered by comparing sub-fertile sick people with normospermic subjects. AQP3, AQP7, and AQP11 were found to be involved in sperm volume regulation, which is important for reproduction because osmoadaptation protects the sperm from swelling and tail bending, which can affect sperm motility. AQP8 appears to play a critical role in the regulation of hydrogen peroxide elimination, the most attractive Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), and therefore in response to oxidative stress.

References

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