Journal of Information Technology & Software Engineering
Open Access

Stabilization of Switched Linear Systems and Output Regulation using an Optical Packet Switching Network

Haitham Joris^{* *}Correspondence: Haitham Joris, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of South Florida, East Fowler Avenue, USA, Email:

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Description

A method known as packet switching is used in computer networks to send data in the form of packets, which are compact data units that move independently throughout the network. Based on the destination address contained in each packet, packet-switched networks transfer data in discrete, tiny blocks, or packets. Upon receipt, packets are put back together in the right order to form the message. During calls, circuit-switched networks demand dedicated point-to-point connections. In organizations, packet-switched networks and circuit-switched networks have typically occupied different regions. Phone conversations were made over circuit-switched networks, and data was transferred through packet-switched networks. However, due to the range of phone lines and the effectiveness and affordability of data networks, the two technologies have long collaborated on projects. Circuit switching can be replaced with packet switching.

In a packet switch network, there is a hard upper bound limit on the size of packets. The packet includes data as well as numerous controls. Any host can send data to any other host on a packet switched network without reserving the circuit. In a packet switching network, there may be several pathways between a pair of sender and receiver. Between the source and the destination, only one path is chosen. When a sender has data to deliver, it turns that data into packets and sends those packets to the next network or computer. Until the output line is free, the router holds onto this packet. The effectiveness of the network is packet switching's key benefit. A reserved circuit in a circuit switching network cannot be utilized by anybody else until the sender and receiver have left it. Nobody else can use a reserved circuit, even if no data is being delivered over it. Network bandwidth is wasted as a result. The use of packet switching lowers the loss of network bandwidth.

Virtual Circuit technique and Datagram approach are the two approaches used in packet switching. While the internet relies on connectionless datagram based packet switching, WAN, ATM, frame relay, and telephone networks all use connectionoriented virtual circuit approaches. Packet switching doesn't require the use of a dedicated channel, in contrast to circuit switching. A message is divided into smaller data packets in packet-based networks, which then search for the fastest path. Each data packet could take a different path for the sake of efficiency. The source and destination nodes are contained in the header address. The original message from the sender is created once all of the data packets have been retrieved and concatenated at the intended location. When packet switching employs the store and forward strategy, each hop first stores the packet before forwarding it. Due to the possibility of packets being dropped at any hop for any reason, this strategy is quite helpful. There may be more than one way to get from one place to another. The source and destination addresses that each packet uses to independently go through the network are contained in each packet. To put it another way, packets from the same file may or may not follow the same path. Packets are free to select any other paths over an existing network if there is congestion on a particular path.

Each packet has a header that lists the data payload, the source and destination addresses, and other pertinent details. The primary purpose of packet-switched networks was to address the inherent limitations of delivering data across analog circuit switched networks. For brief communications, circuit switching is not very effective, and the analogue circuits subject the data to noise and mistakes. Packet-switching networks provide many economic advantages to their adaptability. We don't have to pay to have separate computer and phone networks established because they may be utilized to carry audio and video traffic over the same network that data utilizes. High degrees of scalability are also made possible through packet-switching, making it simple and affordable to grow the network. When new devices or links are added to the network, routers can recognize them and change the packets' destinations accordingly. Networks that use packet switching are adaptable to change.

Routers help packets reach their destination by directing traffic along the shortest path using their understanding of the network. Routers are built to recognize when the network changes, such as when a network link fails, and to reroute traffic accordingly. However, in circuit-switching networks, physical intervention is frequently required to restore service if the link that connects two devices changes. Every network occasionally experiences data loss in transit. However, this is not an issue with packet switching since when the receiving device looks at the packets, it can quickly determine if one is missing and ask for that packet to be transmitted again. On the other hand, circuit-switching networks lack the ability to resend lost data, if data is lost on a circuit-switching network, it cannot be recovered. As a result, data transmission using packet-switching networks is frequently more dependable.