Organic Chemistry: Current Research

Organic Chemistry: Current Research
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Perspective - (2022)Volume 11, Issue 8

Study on the Production of Toxic Nitro derivatives from Aromatic Compounds

Hideaki Demitsu*
 
*Correspondence: Hideaki Demitsu, Department of Organic Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea, Email:

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Description

Photochemical reactions play a significant role in the processes in sunny natural surface waters. They are essential in the transformation of various naturally occurring chemicals and bio recalcitrant pollutants, and frequently lead to decontamination. However, photochemistry can occasionally produce secondary pollutants that are potentially more dangerous than the parent molecules. Because they exhibit a non-nil quantum yield of direct photolysis, compounds that absorb sunlight and deteriorate as a result can be photo transformed by this method. On the other hand, indirect photochemistry is the conversion of dissolved compounds by a reaction with so-called Photochemically Produced Reactive Intermediates (PPRIs), which does not require the molecules being converted to absorb sunlight.

Hydroxyl (OH) and carbonate (CO3) radicals, excited triplet states of chromophoric dissolved organic matter (3CDOM*, where CDOM is the chromophoric portion of the dissolved organic matter, DOM), and singlet oxygen (1O2) are the main PPRIs in natural surface waters. PPRIs are created when photosensitisers, or naturally occurring substances including nitrate and nitrite (sources of OH), as well as CDOM (source of 3CDOM*, 1O2, and OH), absorb sunlight. Additionally, CO3 is produced when HCO3/CO32- are oxidised by OH and when CO32- are oxidised by 3CDOM*. In particular, DOM scavenges OH and CO3 , but only to a very minimal extent for 3CDOM*/1O2. Inorganic carbon, specifically HCO3-/ CO32- (for OH), dissolved oxygen (for 3CDOM*, to give 1O2), and collision with the aqueous solvent (for 1O2) are additional significant scavengers/quenchers. In addition to OH, CO3 , 3CDOM*, and 1O2, there are other PPRIs that are either less well-known at the moment, for example, longer-lived species like superoxide and organic peroxyl radicals, or have the potential to produce harmful secondary contaminants to a greater extent than the PPRIs.

Examples include nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and the dibromine (or dibromide) radical (Br2), which is mostly formed when bromide in saltwater scavenges OH and is a powerful brominating agent, especially for phenols. The latter is primarily produced by the photolysis of nitrate in combination with OH and by the oxidation of nitrite by OH. Other NO2 production methods involve the oxidation of nitrite by either 3CDOM* or irradiation Fe(III) oxides.

A nitrating/nitrosating agent called NO2 is used to create hazardous nitroderivatives from aromatic chemicals, as well as poisonous and probably mutagenic/carcinogenic nitrosoderivatives from amines and amino acids. Although NO2 isn't the only nitrating agent that could be present in an aqueous solution, it is most likely the one that will be active during photonitration reactions under circumneutral conditions. In addition, research on the (photo) nitration pathways of phenols and other aromatic compounds has discovered a wide variety of nitrating agents (NO2, HNO2, HOONO, H2OONO+, and potentially also N2O4), although the majority of them tend to only be active at an acidic pH. Although the precise (photo)nitration pathways and the reactive species involved in (often acidic) atmospheric waters may still be up for debate, in the case of natural surface waters, NO2 is more likely to play a significant role.

In natural waters exposed to sunlight, nitrate photolysis and nitrite oxidation by OH result in the production of the nitrating and nitrosating agent i.e NO2. In ordinary natural water conditions, the nitrate process would typically be in charge, with the exception of when (NO2)>0.1 (NO3). Naturally, increased nitrate and nitrite concentration values are particularly favourable for the occurrence of NO2. Because minor positive and negative effects cancel each other out, inorganic carbon has little impact on the steady-state (NO2), whereas increased DOC has a significant negative impact on the incidence of NO2. Organic matter does, in fact, compete with nitrate and nitrite for sunlight irradiance and, thus, for the generation of OH. Additionally, DOM directly scavenges NO2 and the OH required for NO2 oxidation.

Here, it is proposed that bromide found in saltwater and seawater would favour the oxidative processes caused by NO2 (such as glutathione nitrosation) by reducing the role of OH and increasing the role of NO2. In fact, bromide makes NO2 oxidation by Br2 possible, providing an additional source of NO2.Under these circumstances, the Br/Br2 couple functions as an efficient electron shuttle between OH and NO2.

Author Info

Hideaki Demitsu*
 
Department of Organic Chemistry, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
 

Citation: Demitsu H (2022) Study on the Production of Toxic Nitroderivatives from Aromatic Compounds. Organic Chem Curr Res. 11: 288.

Received: 04-Aug-2022, Manuscript No. OCCR-22-19145; Editor assigned: 08-Aug-2022, Pre QC No. OCCR-22-19145 (PQ); Reviewed: 22-Aug-2022, QC No. OCCR-22-19145; Revised: 29-Aug-2022, Manuscript No. OCCR-22-19145 (R); Published: 07-Sep-2022 , DOI: 10.35841/2161-0401.22.11.288

Copyright: © 2022 Demitsu H. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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