Journal of Cell Science & Therapy
Open Access

Systematic Evaluation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Therapy

Katarzyna Drela^{* *}Correspondence: Katarzyna Drela, Department of Neuro Repair, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland, Email:

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Description

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) are of clinical interest due to their potential application in autologous transplantation. Many clinical trials with MSCs have been completed, and many more are currently being investigated. More than 2000 individuals got autologous or culture-expanded allogeneic MSCs for the treatment of various disorders, according to recent publications. MSC treatment was generally extremely effective. But considering the long-term data, the possible risk of MSC transplantation should be taken into account. The data concerning MSC differentiation into specific cell types was supplied by numerous reports from in vitro and in vivo research. Instead of concentrating on MSC direct differentiation and cell replacement, a growing body of evidence from recent studies strongly suggests focusing on MSC paracrine properties, such as the release of extracellular vesicles containing numerous mRNAs, regulatory miRNAs, multiple bioactive proteins and compounds, and the production and secretion of a large number of regulatory substances. The primary therapeutic benefits of MSCs are now thought to be the in vivo stimulation of a number of endogenous repair mechanisms in damaged tissues by secreted factors as well as the control of immune response, which results in a successful outcome of MSC-based therapies. The cellular heterogeneity of MSCs is another crucial factor that makes it challenging to draw conclusions regarding their therapeutic potential because the results are usually inconsistent and may rely on the origin of the MSCs as well as the harvesting and culture techniques. In addition, because of their complexity, MSCs are a very interesting type of cell to study. MSCs have not yet been given a specific definition, and those that do exist only partially take into account their functional characteristics.

Numerous papers examine the biological characteristics of MSCs because of the widespread interest in these cells. The definition of chemical and overlapping molecular pathways that may be implicated in therapeutic MSC action in vivo is the goal of several in vitro investigations. In addition to these facts, the outcomes of numerous additional in vitro investigations open the door to prospective changes to the ex vivo growing environment and MSCs themselves in order to boost their regeneration potential and, as a result, provide superior outcomes in vivo trials.

We think that by addressing the negative effects of MSC activity following their transplantation, we can develop a more trustworthy and comprehensive understanding of MSC function in regenerative medicine. Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs), which affect the blood vessels and heart tissue as well as the circulatory system, are currently one of the leading causes of death in Western nations. The American College of Cardiology reported that in 2008, CVDs were responsible for almost 17.3 million deaths worldwide, and that number is expected to rise to about 25 million fatalities annually by 2030. Multiple stem cell-based therapeutic approaches have already been tested in numerous preclinical animal models and clinical trials in humans, indicating potential positive effects of such treatment on the heart anatomy and functions in various CVDs. This is because heart tissue exhibits limited endogenous potential for cardiac cell proliferation and repair. The clinical field of experimental cardiology today heavily relies on numerous cutting-edge strategies using cell therapy products that could improve heart tissue regeneration and repair. The benefits of MSC applications in tissue repair, such as their safety, relatively wide differentiation capacity, and high paracrine ability including EV release, make these cells an important material for additional research and the development of new methods for cell-based therapies in the future. However, further preclinical and clinical research studies need to be carried out. The effectiveness of cells given to patients as a therapeutic method will be determined by new understanding about MSCs. A significant contribution to stem cell biology generally would also come from more research.

Conclusion

Recent studies have shown that MSC therapy has only modest therapeutic benefits, which raises the possibility that these cells' capacity for direct regeneration may not be as strong as once thought. A well-established and standardized set of optimized methods for MSC extraction and ex vivo preparation for clinical application is required since a number of external factors may have a significant impact on the MSC biological properties and ultimately on their therapeutic powers. In order to prepare MSCbased products for patient therapies that are more effective, a scientific community should make a complete effort to take into account the practical MSC applications in tissue healing.