Journal of Pharmaceutical Care & Health Systems
Open Access

The Impact of Pharmacists and the Pharmaceutical Care Model

Alexander Dikiy^{* *}Correspondence: Alexander Dikiy, Department of Chemistry, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, Federal District, Brazil, Email:

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Description

Pharmaceutical care is an evolving model of healthcare that emphasizes the pharmacist's role in providing medication management services. This approach is aimed at improving patient outcomes and reducing healthcare costs by addressing medication-related issues such as adverse effects, drug interactions, and non-adherence. One of the most widely recognized pharmaceutical care models is the pharmaceutical care model developed by Hepler and Strand in 1990. This model identifies four key components of pharmaceutical care: identifying potential drug-related problems, resolving actual drug-related problems, preventing drug-related problems, and optimizing medication use.

Another important pharmaceutical care model is the chronic care model developed by Wagner in 1999. This model focuses on the management of chronic conditions and recognizes the critical role of the patient in managing their health. The model emphasizes the need for healthcare providers to work collaboratively with patients to develop individualized care plans that take into account the patient's goals, preferences, and lifestyle. Pharmacists play a key role in medication management and education to help patients manage their chronic conditions effectively.

The Pharmaceutical Care Network Europe (PCNE) has also developed a model for pharmaceutical care that includes six steps: identifying patient needs, establishing a therapeutic relationship with the patient, assessing the patient's medication regimen, developing a pharmaceutical care plan, implementing the plan, and monitoring and evaluating the patient's response to therapy. This model emphasizes the importance of the pharmacist-patient relationship and the need to tailor care to the patient's individual needs.

In recent years, the concept of the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) has gained popularity in healthcare. The PCMH model emphasizes coordinated, comprehensive, and patientcentered care that involves multiple healthcare providers. Pharmacists play an important role in this model by providing medication management services and collaborating with other healthcare providers to ensure that patients receive the best possible care.

The pharmacist's role in providing medication management services is also recognized in the Collaborative Drug Therapy Management (CDTM) model. This model allows pharmacists to work collaboratively with other healthcare providers, such as physicians, to manage patients' medication therapy. Pharmacists are able to initiate, modify, or discontinue medications under a collaborative practice agreement with a physician, which can improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare costs.

The Chronic Care Model (CCM) is a broader healthcare model that includes pharmaceutical care as a component. The CCM was developed in the United States in 1998 and has been used in various healthcare settings. The CCM model defines healthcare as a system that is designed to meet the needs of patients with chronic conditions. The model emphasizes the importance of patient-centered care, self-management support, and interdisciplinary teamwork in achieving positive outcomes. The CCM has been successful in improving the quality of care for patients with chronic conditions, reducing healthcare costs, and improving patient outcomes.

Finally, the Pharmaceutical Care Model for the 21^st Century (PC21) is a more recent model that was developed in the United States in 2007. The PC21 model defines pharmaceutical care as the responsible provision of drug therapy for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient's quality of life. The model emphasizes the importance of pharmacists working collaboratively with other healthcare professionals to ensure that medications are used appropriately and effectively. The PC21 model also emphasizes the use of technology and information systems to improve medication management and patient outcomes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, pharmaceutical care models have been developed to guide the implementation of pharmaceutical care in different healthcare settings. These models recognize the importance of pharmacists in ensuring safe and effective use of medications and emphasize the importance of collaboration with other healthcare professionals and patient education in achieving positive outcomes. The success of these models in improving medication management, reducing adverse drug events, and improving patient outcomes demonstrates the importance of the pharmaceutical care in modern healthcare. As healthcare continues to evolve, it is important for pharmacists to continue to embrace the principles of pharmaceutical care and work collaboratively with other healthcare professionals to ensure safe and effective use of medications.