Sociology and Criminology-Open Access
Open Access

The Psychological Effects of Cyberstalking on Victims

Mary Jane^{* *}Correspondence: Mary Jane, Department of Psychology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Brazil, Email:

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About the Study

Cyberstalking is a type of online harassment or electronic communication that is used to harass, intimidate, or threaten an individual or group of people. The stalker uses the internet or other forms of electronic communication to stalk their victim, often causing fear and distress. This behavior can be difficult to track and can lead to serious consequences for both the victim and the perpetrator.

Understanding cyberstalking

Cyberstalking can take many forms, including unwanted emails, text messages, phone calls, social media posts, and other types of online communication. The stalker may also use hacking or spyware to gain access to the victim's personal information or electronic devices. This type of behavior can be particularly dangerous because it can happen 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and the victim may feel like they can never escape from the harassment.

Forms of cyberstalking

Cyberstalking takes many forms, including sending threatening messages, posting negative comments or rumors on social media, sending unwanted explicit material, creating fake profiles, and stalking someone's social media accounts. Other forms of cyberstalking include hacking into someone's computer or smartphone, using spyware to monitor someone's online activity, or impersonating someone online to damage their reputation or social life.

Effects of cyberstalking

Cyberstalking can have a significant impact on the victim's mental and emotional health. The victim may experience anxiety, depression, fear, and other psychological symptoms. In some cases, the victim may also experience physical symptoms such as headaches, nausea, and fatigue. Cyberstalking can also affect the victim's social life, causing them to isolate themselves from friends and family.

Legal consequences of cyberstalking

Cyberstalking is illegal in many countries and can lead to serious legal consequences. In the United States, for example, cyberstalking is a federal offense that can result in up to five years in prison and a fine. The stalker may also be required to pay restitution to the victim and may be ordered to undergo counselling or therapy. In addition to criminal charges, the victim may also be able to pursue civil action against the stalker for damages.

Preventing cyberstalking

There are several steps that individuals can take to protect themselves from cyberstalking. One of the most important steps is to keep personal information private and secure. This can include using strong passwords, avoiding sharing personal information online, and being cautious about who they communicate with online. Individuals can also use privacy settings on social media platforms to limit who can see their posts and other personal information. In addition to protecting themselves, individuals can also help prevent cyberstalking by reporting suspicious behavior to law enforcement or online platforms. Many social media platforms have tools for reporting abusive or harassing behavior, and individuals can also contact local law enforcement to report cyberstalking. By taking these steps, individuals can help prevent cyberstalking and protect themselves and others from this dangerous behavior. Cyberstalking is a serious problem that can have devastating consequences for victims. By understanding the nature of cyberstalking, its effects, and the legal consequences for perpetrators, individuals can take steps to protect themselves and prevent cyberstalking from occurring in the first place. By working together, we can help create a safer and more secure online environment for everyone.