Journal of Infectious Diseases & Preventive Medicine
Open Access

The Significance and Effects of Influenza Virus Disease on Human Health

Murphy Wong^{* *}Correspondence: Murphy Wong, Department of Infectious Disease, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Email:

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Description

Influenza is an infectious respiratory infection caused by influenza viruses. It can lead to mild to severe illness, and in some cases, it can be fatal. Every year, influenza affects millions of people worldwide, causing significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding the symptoms, prevention methods, and available treatments is crucial for managing and mitigating the impact of this infectious disease. Influenza typically presents with a sudden onset of symptoms, which can include fever, cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, body aches, fatigue, and headache. Some individuals may also experience vomiting and diarrhea, although these symptoms are more common in children than in adults. The severity of symptoms can vary from person to person, with certain populations, such as the elderly, young children, pregnant women, and individuals with underlying health conditions, being at higher risk of developing complications. Influenza viruses spread primarily through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs, sneezes, or talks. These droplets can land in the mouths or nose of persons around, or they can be inhaled into the lungs. Additionally, influenza viruses can survive on surfaces for a limited time, contributing to indirect transmission when individuals touch contaminated surfaces and then touch their face, especially their mouth, nose, or eyes. The contagious period for influenza typically begins one day before symptoms develop and can last up to seven days or longer in some cases, especially in children and individuals with weakened immune systems. Vaccination is the most viable way to avoid influenza and its consequences. Annual influenza vaccination is recommended for everyone aged six months and older, with particular emphasis on individuals at higher risk of severe illness or complications, including older adults, young Children, pregnant women, and those with specific medical problems. In addition to vaccination, several other preventive measures can help reduce the risk of influenza transmission. Washing hands with soap and water for at least 20 seconds, especially after coughing, sneezing, or touching surfaces in public areas, can help prevent the spread of influenza viruses. When soap and water are not readily available, using alcoholbased hand sanitizers can effectively kill influenza viruses on hands. Limiting close contact with individuals who are sick with influenza and avoiding crowded places during peak flu season can reduce the risk of exposure. Covering the mouth and nose with a tissue or the elbow when coughing or sneezing can prevent respiratory droplets from spreading to others. Regularly cleaning and disinfecting frequently touched surfaces, such as doorknobs, light switches, and electronic devices, can help reduce the survival of influenza viruses on surfaces. For individuals who develop influenza despite preventive measures, early treatment with antiviral medications can help reduce the severity and duration of symptoms, as well as the risk of complications. Antiviral drugs, such as oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir, work by inhibiting the replication of influenza viruses in the body. It's important to note that antiviral medications are most effective when started within the first 48 hours of symptom onset. Therefore, individuals experiencing symptoms of influenza should seek medical attention promptly, especially if they are at higher risk of complications or have severe symptoms. In addition to antiviral treatment, supportive care measures, such as rest, hydration, and over-the-counter medications to relieve fever and pain, can help alleviate symptoms and promote recovery from influenza. Influenza is a common and potentially serious respiratory illness that affects millions of people worldwide each year.