ISSN: 2332-0761
+44 1300 500008
Short Commentary - (2017) Volume 5, Issue 4
This research aims to employ Heritage’s geographic demarcation as a criterion to identify specific tourist information sources and media favorableness differences of 326 international tourists who come from 48 countries. The classification of countries was according to a published book by Heritage. The results support Huertas’s proposed that the public relations practitioners as a certain role maintaining the relationships between the communicative targeting and tourism destinations to meet the needs of audiences. Tourism promotion institution gives priority to satisfy international tourist’ public information needs for the cross-regional ongoing development extends beyond a single country.
Keywords: Media; State control; Services; Commercials; Global tourism
Country-specific information related to public relations and communication as a marketing tool. Official public institutions which promote local tourism and economic development. Simply, how tourism news is delivered is just as important as the neutral information provided.
Huertas’s research on fighting for the role of public relations in tourism suggests local tourism promotion hinges on the support of public institutions and highly media concern in the tourism industry [1,2]. Heritage’s geographical classifications are used as a categorical to examine differences in “which” and “how” regions deliver information on tourism through dynamic media.
Heritage’s geographical regions
Heritage’s geographical classification of the world’s nations featuring a complete cartography of the world. A guide to territory of the world’s places based on geographic location, including full coverage of the world’s nations. In an age when international travel, on holiday or on business, is commonplace, this criterion seems the most appropriate.
Marshall’s geography of the land
The land on which we live has always shaped us. It has shaped the wars, the power, politics and social development of the peoples that now inhabit nearly every part of the earth. All leaders are constrained by geography. Their choices are limited by mountains, rivers, seas and concrete. Tim Marshall raised some essential questions about the psychology of nations in describing geographical challenges, as well as providing friendly support in the sticky patches.
This study analyzed data obtained from different regions of the world. Respondents come from 48 nations Table 1. Based on Heritage (2000) country classification by region given that respondents belong to 11 geographic regions include: North America (NA), Central America (CA), South America (SA), Europe (EU), Africa (AF), Australasia (AU), Asia, East Asia (EA), Southeast Asia (SEA), Caribbean (CAB), Indian Ocean (IO) Table 2. The standard of classification can be a valid explanation to our results.
Nationality | Number of respondents |
---|---|
Angola | 1 |
Argentina | 1 |
Australia | 9 |
Austria | 2 |
Belgium | 8 |
Belize | 1 |
Bosnia and Herzegovina | 1 |
Brazil | 5 |
Bulgaria | 1 |
Canada | 13 |
Chile | 1 |
China | 21 |
Denmark | 1 |
Finland | 2 |
France | 15 |
Germany | 21 |
Guatemala | 2 |
Hungary | 1 |
Indonesia | 6 |
Ireland | 6 |
Italy | 2 |
Japan | 6 |
Lithuania | 1 |
Malaysia | 4 |
Mauritius | 2 |
Mexico | 2 |
Myanmar | 1 |
Netherlands | 20 |
New Zealand | 3 |
Paraguay | 1 |
Philippines | 5 |
Poland | 6 |
Portugal | 2 |
Romania | 2 |
Russia | 7 |
Singapore | 6 |
Slovakia | 3 |
South Africa | 4 |
South Korea | 3 |
Spain | 4 |
ST. Kitt and Nevis | 2 |
Sweden | 6 |
Switzerland | 8 |
Thailand | 4 |
Turkey | 2 |
United Kingdom | 23 |
United States | 77 |
Vietnam | 2 |
Table 1: Sample of respondents.
Region | Country |
---|---|
North America | Canada, United States |
Central America | Belize, Guatemala, Mexico |
South America | Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay |
Europe | Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Lithuania, Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom |
Africa | Angola, South Africa |
Australasia | Australia, New Zealand |
Asia | China, Russia |
East Asia | Japan, South Korea |
Southeast Asia | Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam |
Caribbean | St. Kitts and Nevis |
Indian Ocean | Mauritius |
Table 2: Heritage’s classification of geographical regions.
Totally 326 respondents collected in 2014 between May and August. Data were collected through paper-and-pencil questionnaire at five sites: Chiang Kai-shek Memorial Hall, Taipei 101, DinTaiFung Dumpling House, National Palace Museum, and National Dr. Sun Yat- Sen Memorial Hall.
Data were utilized to measure the perceived importance of travel information sources include 12 items. A 7-point Likert scale was used. Because of previous researchers Heine, Lehman, and Peng pointed out we should see less evidence of cultural differences when we assess them with subjective Likert scales than when we assess them with more objective measures [3]. Therefore, we asked respondents pick all the information they generally use to arrange vacations from a list. Items are the same as previous. Respondents’ media consumption habits were measured in order to make sure their search patterns. Nine items were including.
Table 3 shows the perceived importance of travel information sources and cross-regional comparison results. Regions of Europe, frequently used offline channels and maps to acquire information. Official websites serve as an important source of information when comparing Africa and North America. Three regions are more appreciative of reading guidebooks in English, e.g., Indian Ocean, Australasia, and East Asia. Printed media such as leaflets, pamphlets, and brochure appealed to visitors in Central America.
NA | CA | SA | EU | AF | AU | Asia | EA | SEA | CAB | IO | F-value | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social network sites | 4.23 | 5.00 | 5.13 | 4.04 | 5.00 | 4.67 | 5.39 | 5.00 | 5.57 | 5.50 | 5.00 | 2.820 | 0.002 |
Friends/relatives | 5.62 | 5.40 | 5.50 | 5.23 | 6.60 | 5.08 | 5.57 | 6.44 | 5.93 | 7.00 | 7.00 | 1.843 | 0.053 |
Airline websites | 3.99 | 4.00 | 5.25 | 4.21 | 6.40 | 5.50 | 4.39 | 2.56 | 5.21 | 4.00 | 4.00 | 3.410 | 0.000 |
Official websites | 4.92 | 6.20 | 5.13 | 4.59 | 6.00 | 4.92 | 4.71 | 3.33 | 5.00 | 3.50 | 4.50 | 1.875 | 0.048 |
Guidebooks | 4.57 | 3.80 | 5.25 | 5.01 | 4.80 | 5.67 | 4.57 | 5.67 | 4.93 | 5.00 | 6.50 | 1.389 | 0.184 |
Newspaper/magazine | 3.04 | 4.00 | 4.25 | 3.63 | 5.00 | 3.92 | 4.29 | 3.44 | 4.64 | 6.00 | 2.00 | 2.327 | 0.012 |
TV/radio | 2.78 | 3.20 | 2.00 | 3.02 | 3.60 | 3.83 | 4.32 | 3.33 | 4.36 | 4.50 | 2.50 | 5.424 | 0.000 |
Travel guide | 4.29 | 4.20 | 4.50 | 4.77 | 5.40 | 5.42 | 4.46 | 5.44 | 5.21 | 5.00 | 4.50 | 1.308 | 0.225 |
Tourist map | 4.38 | 5.20 | 5.50 | 4.81 | 5.20 | 5.83 | 5.11 | 5.56 | 5.54 | 5.50 | 6.00 | 1.985 | 0.034 |
Brochure | 3.81 | 5.60 | 3.88 | 3.87 | 4.60 | 5.25 | 4.18 | 4.44 | 4.93 | 5.00 | 4.00 | 2.309 | 0.012 |
Leaflets/pamphlets | 3.92 | 5.40 | 5.13 | 4.13 | 5.20 | 5.83 | 4.71 | 4.44 | 5.43 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 3.119 | 0.001 |
Other | 3.56 | 3.80 | 4.50 | 3.71 | 3.80 | 4.08 | 3.79 | 3.89 | 4.36 | 5.50 | 5.50 | 1.660 | 0.089 |
Table 3: Importance of travel information sources: ANOVA analysis.
As shown in Table 4, each region’s promotional platforms contained visitors and residents guide. Newspapers, TV channels, and radio are highly influential in Southeast Asia. This finding indicates that China has allowed increasing access to nonofficial sources of information. Indian Ocean and Caribbean, the top two regions on the latest news, were among the nations receiving the highest amount of information in other. The emphasis on multimedia is of particular importance due to its role as the key source of news in the United States.
Rank | Region | Rank | Region | Rank | Region | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social network sites | 1 | Indian Ocean | 2 | Caribbean | 3 | East Asia |
Friends/relatives | 1 | East Asia | 2 | Indian Ocean | 3 | South America |
Airline websites | 1 | Caribbean | 2 | Australasia | 3 | Central America |
Official websites | 1 | Africa | 2 | North America | 3 | Europe |
Guidebooks | 1 | East Asia | 2 | Australasia | 3 | Indian Ocean |
Newspaper/magazine | 1 | Asia | 2 | Southeast Asia | 3 | Central America |
TV/radio | 1 | Africa | 2 | Asia | 3 | Southeast Asia |
Travel guide | 1 | South America | 2 | Europe | 3 | Africa |
Tourist map | 1 | Southeast Asia | 2 | Australasia | 3 | Asia |
Brochure | 1 | Central America | 2 | South America | 3 | East Asia |
Leaflets/pamphlets | 1 | Central America | 2 | South America | 3 | Australasia |
Other | 1 | Indian Ocean | 2 | Caribbean | 3 | Asia |
Table 4: Promotional platforms and cross-regional ranking.
Table 5 illustrates the results of the cross-regional comparison of media consumption habits. St. Kitts and Nevis, a former British colony and has long targeted the mass US tourist market, people generally preferred BBC/ABC. The internet, slow to take off in Japan, but Japan’s online gaming market is fast growing. Newspapers, however, were more likely to impact Mauritians’ view of the world. Media freedoms in Europe and North America have heavily influenced participants’ choices. Advertising in Central America has a substantial amount of revenue over other forms of media.
NA | CA | SA | EU | AF | AU | Asia | EA | SEA | CAB | IO | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TV/radio | 9% | 13% | 5% | 9% | 16% | 13% | 8% | 11% | 9% | 7% | 0% |
Newspaper/magazine | 6% | 0% | 11% | 11% | 11% | 6% | 6% | 10% | 8% | 9% | 22% |
Network TV | 9% | 0% | 20% | 5% | 20% | 5% | 14% | 0% | 10% | 17% | 0% |
Internet | 9% | 12% | 9% | 8% | 3% | 7% | 9% | 13% | 10% | 6% | 14% |
Regional paper | 13% | 0% | 0% | 19% | 47% | 0% | 21% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Press | 9% | 0% | 23% | 19% | 0% | 18% | 23% | 0% | 8% | 0% | 0% |
Advertising | 7% | 43% | 0% | 6% | 0% | 14% | 11% | 0% | 19% | 0% | 0% |
BBC/ABC | 12% | 0% | 7% | 11% | 11% | 17% | 5% | 0% | 0% | 37% | 0% |
Newssheets | 63% | 0% | 0% | 37% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% | 0% |
Table 5: The percentage of daily media consumption.
The state effectively controls all media. That is, media salience can show some balance in the coverage of the world’s different regions. Tourism news that happen beyond the direct experience of most news guests. Public relations professionals should employ media partnerships when targeting with audiences in the era of global media. In other words, media coverage of travel updates influences the perceived importance of that news. It implies a deeper, more thorough processing of information in content evaluation.
Each region has its own physical and human geography. The land forms, climate, transportation, tourism, people, politics, world affairs, aid spending, defense, economics, resources environment, media and vary greatly from region to region. Media coverage of tourism news then should play an important propaganda function.
Each of the nation’s broadcast media to be of practical help to the spheres of tourism, communications and the index of open access to nonofficial sources of information. Television and radio were free from direct state influence. North Korean television mostly shows praising the qualities of Kim ll Sung and Kim Jong ll. Search engines have been pressured to block Web sites that provide political information that could allegedly jeopardize security, disrupt stability, break laws, or spread superstition. Urban lifestyle in Japan today faces formidable challenges. New subways, maps, trains, hotels, stores, videos, and stadium facilities must be created, all matching or exceeding worldclass standards. More ambitious designs are planned.