Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Devices
Open Access

Bioreceptor

A bioreceptor is a biological element (e.g., enzyme, antibody) which is sensitive to recognizing the analyte (e.g., enzyme substrate, complementary DNA, antigen). It is pivotal for a bioreceptor to be specifically sensitive towards the target analyte to prevent interference by other signal sources or substances from the sample matrix . The uniqueness of a biosensor is that the two segments are coordinated into one single sensor.A biosensor comprises of two segments: a bioreceptor and a trans-ducer. The bioreceptor is a biomolecule that perceives the objective analyte though the transducer changes over the acknowledgment occasion into a quantifiable sign. Clark and Lyons were the first to introduce an enzyme-based biosensor in 1962. They incorporated a biosensor for detecting glucose in blood plasma, based on the enzyme glucose oxidase in an electrochemical sensor. Enzyme-based biosensors since then have developed rapidly. Enzymes that can correctly recognize analytes are efficient biocatalysts, such as urease , redox enzyme , and peroxidase . The working principle is based on a catalytic reaction and binding capabilities for the specific analyte . The analyte recognition process includes several possible mechanisms:  the enzyme converting the analyte into a sensor-detectable product; detection of an enzyme inhibited or activated via the analyte; and monitoring the modification of enzyme properties