Advanced Techniques in Biology & Medicine
Open Access

Geology

pharmacodynamics can be affected by physiologic changes due to a disorder or disease Aging process Other drugs Disorders that affect pharmacodynamic responses include genetic mutations, thyrotoxicosis, malnutrition, myasthenia gravis, Parkinson disease, and some forms of insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus. These disorders can change receptor binding, alter the level of binding proteins, or decrease receptor sensitivity. Aging tends to affect pharmacodynamic responses through alterations in receptor binding or in postreceptor response sensitivity (see table Effect of Aging on Drug Response). Pharmacodynamic drug–drug interactions result in competition for receptor binding sites or alter postreceptor response.