Sociology and Criminology-Open Access
Open Access

Journalism

Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on current or past events. The word journalism applies to the occupation, as well as citizen journalists who gather and publish information. Journalistic media include print, television, radio, the Internet, and, in the past, newsreels.

Journalism is the production and distribution of reports on current or past events. The word journalism applies to occupation, as well as to citizen journalists who collect and publish information. Journalistic media includes print, television, radio, internet and, in the past, news.

Concepts of the appropriate role of journalism vary from country to country. In some countries, the news media are controlled by government intervention and are not completely independent.  In others, the news media are independent of the government but rather of a private profit-driven industry. In addition to the different nature of media organizations that are managed and funded, countries may have different implementations of laws with freedom of expression and defamation cases. The Internet and smartphones have made significant changes to the 21st century. This has created a shift in the consumption of print media, as well as more and more people via consuming news via e-readers, smartphones and other devices or TV channels. Press organizations are invited to fully monetize their digital wing and improvise the context in which they publish. Newspapers have seen print revenues decline at a faster rate than digital growth revenues