Journal of Bone Research
Open Access

Metabolic Bone Disease

Metabolic bone diseases are disorders of bone strength usually caused by abnormalities of minerals (such as calcium or phosphorus), vitamin D, bone mass or bone structure, with osteoporosis being the most common.

The common metabolic bone diseases (MBD) include osteoporosis, rickets/ osteomalacia, flurosis and primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT), while the rare MBDs include Paget's disease, tumor induced osteomalacia, fibrous dysplasia, osteogenesis imperfecta and so on.

Clinical manifestations include osteopenia, osteoporosis, and fracture. Both vitamin D deficiency and smoking have been implicated as risk factors for metabolic bone disease.