Journal of Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology
Open Access
ISSN: 2155-9570
ISSN: 2155-9570
Lalit P Singh
Scientific Tracks Abstracts: J Clin Exp Ophthalmol
Mitochondrial (MT) dysregulation, oxidative stress, and resultant energy imbalance is associated with various chronic diseases including neurodegeneration, ischemia/reperfusion, and retinal complications of diabetic retinopathy (DR). Recently, we published that pro-oxidant thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP) is significantly up-regulated early in DR and under hyperglycemia in retinal cells in culture including endothelial and Muller cells (MC) and mediates cellular oxidative/nitrosative stress and inflammation. TXNIP expression is also responsible for pericyte apoptosis under high glucose in culture. TXNIP binds to and inhibits the anti-oxidant function of thioredoxin (Trx), therefore, results in cellular oxidative/nitrosative (ROS/RNS) stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, MC are important for retinal neuronal health and reactive MC gliosis induces aberrant gene expression for cytokines and growth factors to maintain retinal homeostasis. However, prolonged MC activation is injurious in DR. We and others observed in the retina of diabetic animal models that dopaminergic (DAergic) amacrine neurons are vulnerable to early DR and the rate-limiting enzyme for dopamine biosynthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), is down regulated. However, the molecular mechanism(s) for DAergic neuron death in DR or under hyperglycemia is not understood yet. DAergic neuron death or dopamine deficiency and resultant gliosis could cause early visual defects in patients with diabetes. We hypothesize that TXNIP up-regulation cause oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neurovascular dysfunction in early DR and disease progression of late blinding ocular complications. Therefore, TXNIP represents a potential therapeutic target to prevent disease onset and/or slow down the progression of DR.
Lalit P. Singh completed Ph.D in Biochemistry fro, Indian Institute of Science, India. Since 2005 working as Assistant Professor at Department of Anatomy/Cell Biology and Ophthalmology, Wayne State University. Research Area include diabetic retinopathy â?? neurovascular protection, RNAi therapeutics. With major research interests to understand the molecular basis for disease development and progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR); Targeted genomics, epigenomics and proteomics-based identification of early biomarkers of diabetes and its neuronal and vascular complications of the eyes â?? O-GlcNAc and S-nitrosylated proteins; RNAi technology and therapeutics to prevent/slow down the progression of DR.