Pediatrics & Therapeutics
Open Access
ISSN: 2161-0665
+44 1478 350008
ISSN: 2161-0665
+44 1478 350008
Xinjun Li
Lund University, Sweden
Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Pediat Therapeut
Aim: Aim of this study is to examine whether there is an association between neighbourhood deprivation and incidence of cryptorchidism and hypospadias, after accounting for family- and individual-level sociodemographic characteristics. Methods: All boys born between January 1, 1973 to December 31, 2010 were followed. Data were analysed by multilevel logistic regression, with family- and individual-level characteristics at the first level and level of neighbourhood deprivation at the second level. Results: During the study period, among a total of 497584 boys, 8584 (1.7%) and 3704 (0.7%) were diagnosed with cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Cumulative rates for cryptorchidism and hypospadias increased with increasing level of neighbourhood deprivation. In the study population, 1.5 per 100 and 2.0 per 100 children in the least and most deprived neighbourhoods, respectively, were diagnosed with cryptorchidism and 0.7 per 100 and 0.9 per 100 children were diagnosed with hypospadias. Incidence of hospitalisation for cryptorchidism and hypospadias increased with increasing neighbourhoodlevel deprivation across all family- and individual-level sociodemographic categories. The odds ratio (OR) for cryptorchidism and hypospadias for those living in high-deprivation neighbourhoods versus those living in low-deprivation neighbourhoods was 1.13 [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.05-1.21] and 1.24 [95% confidence interval (CI)=1.12-1.37]. High neighbourhood deprivation remained significantly associated with higher odds of hypospadias after adjustment for family- and individuallevel sociodemographic characteristics (OR=1.20, 95% CI=1.08ΓΆΒ?Β?1.35). Conclusions: This study is the largest so far on neighbourhood influences on cryptorchidism and hypospadias. Our results suggest that neighbourhood deprivation is associated with incidence of hypospadias independently of family- and individuallevel sociodemographic characteristics.
Email: xinjun.li@med.lu.se