Transcriptomics: Open Access
Open Access
ISSN: 2329-8936
ISSN: 2329-8936
Mihir Y Parmar
Shree Swaminarayan Pharmacy College, India
Posters & Accepted Abstracts: Transcriptomics
Nucleic acids are biopolymers, or large biomolecules, essential for all known forms of life. Experimental studies of nucleic acids constitute a major part of modern biological and medical research, and form a foundation for genome and forensic science, as well as the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries. The highly defined interactions between DNA and RNA have been effectively used for the design and production of synthetic nanostructures, molecular switches and computational devices of increasing complexity. The purpose of this review article was to focus briefly the recent advances made relevant to applications of free circulating nucleic acids (FcNAs) in practice. Detection of FcNAs in plasma, serum and other body fluids from healthy subjects and patients has given the possibility of diagnosis and monitoring of diseases. With the rapid developments in molecular biology techniques such as real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry, quantitative fluorescent PCR (QF-PCR), single allele primer extension reaction (SAPER) method in clinical medicine have increased. The recent discovery of epigenetic changes in placental/fetal DNA and RNAs have made FcNAs to be used for diagnosis of genetic disorders in all pregnancies irrespective of the gender of the foetus in early intrauterine life. It is now possible to detect very small amounts of and specific mutations in fetal DNA in the presence of excess non-specific maternal DNA. In oncology, diabetes mellitus, trauma and stroke detection and monitoring of FcNAs have been shown to be useful. In spite of these advances questions regarding the origin and biologic significance of FcNAs remain to be answered. Standardization of methodologies including pre-analytical and analytical aspects will revolutionize the applications of FcNAs in the diagnosis and monitoring of diseases in clinical medicine in coming years.
Email: mihirparmar4uonly@yahoo.com