Forest Research: Open Access
Open Access

Permaculture

Permaculture is a systems approach. It has many branches that include but are not limited to ecological design, ecological engineering, environmental design, construction and integrated water resources management that develops sustainable architecture, regenerative and self-maintained habitat and agricultural systems modeled from natural ecosystems. The term permaculture was first coined by Australians Bill Mollison and David Holmgren in 1978. The word permaculture originally referred to permanent agriculture but was expanded to stand also for permanent culture, as it was seen that social aspects were integral to a truly sustainable system as inspired by Masanobu Fukuoka's natural farming philosophy. Permaculture is a philosophy of working with, rather than against nature; of protracted and thoughtful observation rather than protracted and thoughtless labor; and of looking at plants and animals in all their functions, rather than treating any area as a single product system.

Related Journals of Permaculture

International Agriculture and Forest, Journal of Earth Science & Climatic Change, Journal of Ecosystem & Ecography, Journal of Marine Science: Research & Development, Australian Forestry, Northern Journal of Applied Forestry, Journal of Sustainable Forestry, Journal of Beijing Forestry University, Journal of the Japanese Forestry Society, Western Journal of Applied Forestry