Journal of Clinical Toxicology
Open Access

Role of biomarkers in evaluating interactions among mixtures of lead or cadmium and chlorpyrifos

4^th Global Summit on Toxicology

August 24-26, 2015 Philadelphia, USA

Kawther EL-Gendy, Entsar Rabea, Mostafa Abbassay and Abdel Khalek EL-Sebae

Posters-Accepted Abstracts: J Clin Toxicol

Abstract :

A toxicological interaction is a circumstance in which exposure to two or more chemicals results in qualitatively or quantitively
altered biological response relative to that predicted from the actions of a single chemical. The present study was carried out to
investigate the in vivo neurological, biological and hematological effects of organophosphorus insecticide; chlorpyrifos and heavy
metals (lead or cadmium) on in the albino rats at various time intervals (1 hr and 1, 10 and 20 days). These pollutants were used
individually or in combination. The studied parameters included blood picture (erythrocytes and leukocytes counts, hemoglobin
content and packed cell volume), muscarinic cholinergic receptors as well as some enzymes such as delta amino levulinic acid
dehydratase (δ-ALAD), acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) and Na+,K+–adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K+–ATPase). The results
demonstrated that chlorpyrifos alone caused significant inhibition of AChE and significant decrease of muscarinic cholinergic
receptors, while it did not show any potential to inhibit Na+,K+–ATPase and did not change the blood picture of animals. On the
other hand, lead or cadmium alone showed the ability to inhibit AChE, δ- ALAD as well as Na+,K+–ATPase and cause changes in
blood pictures while it slightly reduced the muscarinic cholinergic receptors. The combination of chlorpyrifos with heavy metals
caused striking effect on all tested targets.